This article will take you on a journey through Cabo Verde’s water story. We will look at the progress made, the problems still faced, and the possibilities for a better, brighter future. Along the way, you will learn about the people, the challenges, and the hope that keeps everyone working for clean water for all.

Where is Cabo Verde?

Cabo Verde is a group of ten islands in the Atlantic Ocean, not far from the coast of Africa. The islands are beautiful, with sandy beaches, green hills, and colorful towns. But there is one big problem: Cabo Verde does not get much rain. Some islands don’t even get enough rain to fill rivers or lakes. In fact, there are no large rivers at all. This makes finding clean water very difficult.

Why is Clean Water So Important?

Clean water is needed for:

• Drinking and staying healthy
• Cooking food
• Washing hands and bodies
• Cleaning homes and schools
• Growing crops and raising animals

Without clean water, people can get sick. Children cannot go to school if they are ill. Farmers cannot grow enough food. Life becomes much harder for everyone.

The Progress: Steps Forward for Cabo Verde

Even though Cabo Verde faces big water challenges, there has been a lot of progress over the years. Here are some of the good things that have happened:

More People Have Access to Clean Water

• In 2015, about 86% of people in Cabo Verde could use basic drinking water services.
• By 2022, nearly 95% of the population had access to an improved source of drinking water, like piped water, public fountains, or water from a neighbor’s house.
• Almost 89% of people now have at least basic water services, though this means some still do not have safe water at home.

Better Water in Schools

• Nearly all schools (approximately 98%) have access to drinking water and bathroom facilities.

Improved Sanitation

• About 85% of households have access to sanitation systems, which is much better than many other African countries.
• Since 2015, there has been an increase of almost 8% in the number of homes with sanitation.

New Water Projects

• New water supply and irrigation systems have helped farming communities, especially on Santiago Island. These projects have made life easier for almost 1,000 women farmers, who no longer need to walk long distances to fetch water.
• The government has created new water utilities and agencies to manage water better and help families get new connections to the water network.

Special Funds and Help

• A Social Access Fund has helped over 3,000 families get connected to clean water and over 2,000 get better toilets.

The Problems: Challenges That Remain

Even with all this progress, many problems remain. Let’s look at some of the biggest challenges:

Not Enough Rain

• Cabo Verde is very dry. There is little rainfall, and some islands, like Sal, are especially dry and depend almost completely on turning seawater into fresh water, a process called desalination.
• Droughts are common and can last for years, making water even scarcer.

Water Scarcity and Cost

• Because there are no big rivers or lakes, most water comes from underground or from the sea.
• Desalination (making fresh water from salt water) is expensive and uses a lot of energy.
• Many families, especially in rural areas, still do not have water in their homes. Only about 59% of people have water on their property or in their house.
• Sometimes, water must be delivered by truck, and the price can be high. Poor families may pay more for water than rich families.

Unequal Access

• In cities, about 75% of people have piped water. In rural areas, this number drops to about 58%.
• Some people still have to walk long distances to fetch water, often carrying heavy buckets. This job often falls to women and girls, who may miss school because of it.

Sanitation Still Lags

• Only 20% of people have access to a sewer system, and about 27% still use open spaces for toilets.
• Many rural families do not have flushing toilets or proper places to wash hands, which can lead to sickness.

Climate Change

• Cabo Verde is feeling the effects of climate change. There are more dry years, and the little rain that does fall is sometimes not enough to help crops grow.
• Rising temperatures and less rain make it even harder to find water.

Tourism and Water Use

• Tourists use much more water than local people. Hotels, swimming pools, and golf courses need a lot of water.
• Sometimes, water is sent to hotels while local families get less, leading to unfairness and frustration.

Real Stories: How Water Changes Lives

Let’s meet Amalia, a farmer on Santiago Island. For years, her family had to walk up to 20 kilometers to fetch water for their farm and home. It was hard work, and sometimes there was not enough water for their crops. But with a new irrigation project, Amalia and almost 1,000 other women farmers now have water close by. Their farms are growing more food, and Amalia’s son can go to university because the family is earning more money.

The Possibilities: Hope for the Future

Even with all these problems, there is hope. Cabo Verde is working hard to make sure everyone has clean water. Here are some of the ways the country is planning for a better future:

Using New Technology

• More desalination plants are being built to turn seawater into drinking water.
• There are projects to recycle water and use it for farming, so less fresh water is needed for crops.

Protecting Water Sources

• The government is teaching people to save water and not waste it.
• New laws are helping to protect underground water from pollution.

Helping the Most Vulnerable

• Special programs are making sure that poor families, women, and children get the help they need.
• The government is working with partners, like the United Nations and nonprofits such as Aqua Maya, to bring clean water to more people and places.

Building Stronger Communities

• New water and sanitation agencies are making it easier for families to get connected to water and toilets.
• Communities are learning how to manage water together and solve problems as a team.

How is Aqua Maya Helping?

Aqua Maya is one of the non profit organizations supporting clean water in Cabo Verde. They help by providing clean water solutions and encouraging water-saving habits in homes and hotels. Their work is especially important in places like Mindelo, where both locals and visitors need safe water for daily life.

What Can Be Done Next?

Cabo Verde’s journey to clean water for all is not finished. Here are some important steps that can help:

• Build more desalination plants that use renewable energy, like wind or solar power, to make fresh water without harming the environment.
• Fix old pipes and leaks so that less water is wasted.
• Make water affordable for everyone, especially poor families.
• Teach people about water conservation so everyone uses water wisely.
• Work with NGOs like Aqua Maya to bring new ideas and clean water access solutions to every island.
• Protect the environment so that water sources are not polluted or lost.

Key Facts and Figures

Conclusion

Clean water, beyond just a dream in Cabo Verde, is becoming a reality for more and more people every year. The journey is not easy, and there are still many challenges. But with hard work, new ideas, and help from nonprofits like Aqua Maya, Cabo Verde can make sure that every child, every family, and every visitor has the water they need to live, learn, and grow.

The story of water in Cabo Verde is a story of hope, courage, and community. By working together, the people of Cabo Verde are showing that even the driest places can bloom. Clean water is the gift of life, and everyone deserves a share.

Sources

1. https://borgenproject.org/sanitation-in-cape-verde/

2. https://reportersonline.nl/cape-verdes-water-and-electricity-crisis-the-hidden-costs-of-development/

3. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/cape-verde/health-statistics/cv-people-using-basic-drinking-water-services–of-population

4. https://unosd.un.org/sites/unosd.un.org/files/day2_session_iii_10._cape_verde_updated.pdf

5. https://www.worldeconomics.com/ESG/Environment/Access-to-Safe-Water/Cabo%20Verde.aspx

6. https://sdgs.un.org/basic-page/cabo-verde-34114

7. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/water-project-in-cabo-verde-saves-communities-transforms-livelihoods-of-women-18356

8. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/high-level-summary-technical-assistance-reports/Issues/2024/04/23/Climate-Policy-Assessment-547715

9. https://reliefweb.int/report/cabo-verde/cabo-verde-dref-operation-final-report-no-mdrcv003

10. https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/27/cape-verde-bearing-the-brunt-of-the-effects-of-climate-change/

11. https://www.adaptation-undp.org/projects/building-adaptive-capacity-and-resilience-climate-change-water-sector-cabo-verde

Cabo Verde is a beautiful place. Tourists visit for its sunny beaches, warm weather, and friendly people. But behind the beauty, there is a struggle: many people do not have enough water to drink, wash, or grow food. The question is: who is helping Cabo Verde solve its water problems?

Let’s explore the story of Cabo Verde’s water, the challenges its people face, and the helpers who are working to make things better.

Why Is Water So Hard to Find in Cabo Verde?

Cabo Verde is made up of ten islands. The weather is hot and dry. There is very little rain, and sometimes it does not rain for months. There are no big rivers, and the land does not hold much water. The sun shines bright, making any water that does fall dry up quickly.

Here are some reasons why water is hard to find in Cabo Verde:

• Low Rainfall: There is not enough rain to fill lakes or rivers.

• No Major Rivers: The islands do not have rivers like many other countries.

• High Evaporation: The hot sun makes water disappear quickly.

• Growing Population: More people means more water is needed.

• Tourism: Many visitors use a lot of water, especially in hotels and resorts.

All of this means that people sometimes have to wait for water deliveries or pay high prices for water. Some families cannot get enough water for drinking, cooking, and cleaning.

How Do People Get Water in Cabo Verde?

1. Desalination: Turning Saltwater into Fresh Water

Since there is not enough fresh water, Cabo Verde uses a special process called desalination. This means taking salt out of ocean water to make it safe to drink. Desalination plants are machines that do this job. They are found on several islands, like Sal, São Vicente, and Praia.

• Desalination provides most of Cabo Verde’s fresh water.

• The largest plants can make thousands of liters of water every day.

• This water is used for homes, hotels, and even farms.

But desalination is not perfect. It uses a lot of electricity, which can be expensive. Sometimes, the cost of water is still too high for some families.

2. Groundwater and Dams

Some islands use water from underground, called groundwater. There are also small dams to catch rainwater, but because rain is rare, these do not always fill up.

3. Drip Irrigation

Farmers use a smart way to save water called drip irrigation. This system gives water straight to the roots of plants, drop by drop. It helps save water and grow more food, even when there is little rain.

The Helpers: Who Is Working to Solve Cabo Verde’s Water Problems?

Many people and groups are working together to help Cabo Verde get more clean water. Here are some of the most important helpers:

1. The Government of Cabo Verde

The government is leading the fight to make sure everyone has enough water. They have made plans to build more water pipes, fix old systems, and help families connect to the water network[.

• National Water and Sanitation Agency: This agency was created to improve water and sanitation for everyone.

• Social Access Fund: This fund helps poor families get water connections and toilets.

• New Water Utilities: The government started new companies to manage water better, like Aguas de Santiago, which serves the island where almost half the people live.

2. International Organizations

Many groups from around the world are helping Cabo Verde:

• Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC): This group from the United States gave $41.1 million to improve water and sanitation. They helped build new pipes, fix old ones, and make water more affordable for poor families.

• United Nations (UN): The UN helps collect data, train workers, and support projects that bring clean water to more people.

• World Bank and FAO: These organizations study Cabo Verde’s water needs and help plan for the future.

3. Companies Building Desalination Plants

Some companies are building and running the machines that turn saltwater into fresh water:

• ACCIONA Agua: This company, along with its partners, built big desalination plants on the islands of Sal and São Vicente. These plants can make enough water for more than 100,000 people.

• ELECTRA: This is a local company that makes and delivers both water and electricity. They work with other companies to build and run water plants.

• Elemental Water Makers (EWM): EWM is working in small villages to make clean water using sunshine and special technology, so people do not have to pay high prices.

4. Local Farmers and Agribusiness Projects

Some projects help farmers use water wisely and grow more food:

• AquaSun Agribusiness Project: This project uses solar and wind power to make water for farms. It also gives jobs to local farmers and helps them learn better ways to save water.

• Drip Irrigation: Farmers use drip irrigation to save water and grow crops, even when there is little rain.

5. New Technologies and Innovations

New ideas are helping Cabo Verde use water better:

• Reverse Osmosis: This is a special way to clean water, used in many desalination plants.

• Smart Water Management: New systems help find leaks and fix them quickly, so less water is wasted.

How Has Life Changed for Cabo Verdeans?

Over the past 20 years, things have slowly improved:

• More people now have piped water at home or nearby.

• New water plants mean that even in dry years, there is water to drink and use.

• Special funds and programs help poor families get water connections.

• Girls and women spend less time carrying water, so they can go to school or work.

• Farmers can grow more food with less water, thanks to drip irrigation and new projects.

But problems remain. Water is still expensive for some families. Not everyone has a toilet or a shower at home. Some villages still wait for water trucks to arrive. The government and its partners know there is still much work to do.

The Role of Tourism

Tourism is important for Cabo Verde’s economy, but it also uses a lot of water. Hotels and resorts need water for pools, gardens, and guests. Sometimes, tourists use more water than local people. This makes it even more important to find new ways to save and share water fairly.

The Challenge of Climate Change

Climate change is making things harder. There are more dry years and less rain. Droughts are more common, and farmers worry about their crops and animals. This means that finding new water sources and saving every drop is more important than ever.

Aqua Maya: A Helping Hand

Aqua Maya is one of the NGOs that is helping with Cabo Verde’s water problems. By working with local partners and using modern technology, Aqua Maya supports projects that provide access to clean water. Their work is part of the bigger team effort to make sure everyone in Cabo Verde has enough water for a healthy life.

What Still Needs to Be Done?

Even with all these helpers, Cabo Verde still faces big challenges:

• Lowering the Cost: Water is still too expensive for some families.

• Fixing Leaks: A lot of water is lost through old pipes and leaks.

• More Toilets and Showers: Many homes still do not have good sanitation.

• Saving Water: Everyone must learn to use less water and not waste it.

• Using Clean Energy: Since desalination uses a lot of electricity, using solar and wind power can help lower costs and protect the environment.

A Look to the Future

The helpers in Cabo Verde are not giving up. The government, international partners, NGOs like Aqua Maya, and local people are all working together. They are building new water plants, fixing pipes, teaching people to save water, and using the power of the sun and wind.

If they keep working together, more families will have clean water at home. Farmers will be able to grow more food. Girls and boys will be able to go to school, instead of spending hours carrying water. And Cabo Verde will become a stronger, healthier place for everyone.

Quick Facts Table: Cabo Verde’s Water Story

Conclusion

Cabo Verde’s water story is one of hope and teamwork. Even though the islands are dry and the challenges are big, many helpers are working together to bring clean water to everyone. With smart ideas, hard work, and the help of nonprofits like Aqua Maya, Cabo Verde is moving closer to a future where no one has to worry about water again.

Sources

1. https://reportersonline.nl/cape-verdes-water-and-electricity-crisis-the-hidden-costs-of-development/

2  https://www.wathi.org/cape-verde-the-ocean-as-a-solution-for-water-crisis-atlantico-august-2019/

3. https://borgenproject.org/sanitation-in-cape-verde/

4. https://chunkewatertreatment.com/water-treatment-in-cape-verde-with-reverse-osmosis/

5. https://www.acciona.com/updates/news/acciona-agua-grows-republic-cabo-verde-construction-two-desalination-plants

6. https://www.elementalwatermakers.com/desalination-cape-verde/

7. https://www.mcc.gov/resources/doc/evalbrief-032020-cvii-wash/

8. https://unosd.un.org/sites/unosd.un.org/files/day2_session_iii_10._cape_verde_updated.pdf

9. https://www.greenpolicyplatform.org/sites/default/files/downloads/best-practices/Cabo%20verde.pdf

10. https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/27/cape-verde-bearing-the-brunt-of-the-effects-of-climate-change/

11. https://reliefweb.int/report/cabo-verde/cabo-verde-dref-operation-final-report-no-mdrcv003

To address this challenge, many communities have developed rainwater harvesting systems that capture rain from rooftops and store it in tanks for use during dry periods. But the key question remains: are these rainwater systems sufficient to provide enough clean water for everyone in Cabo Verde? This article explores how rainwater is collected, why it is essential, and whether these systems can truly meet the islands’ water demands.

Where Is Cabo Verde and Why Is Water a Problem?

Cabo Verde is made up of ten small islands in the Atlantic Ocean. These islands look beautiful, with beaches, mountains, and small villages. But there is something missing: rivers and lakes. Unlike many places, Cabo Verde does not have big rivers or lakes to provide water.

The islands get most of their water from rain. But the rain does not come often. In fact, some parts of Cabo Verde get less than 100 millimeters of rain in a whole year, while the wettest mountain areas might get up to 900 millimeters. Most of the rain falls in just three or four months, from July to October. The rest of the year is very dry.

Because of this, water is precious. People have to find smart ways to catch and save every drop.

How Do Rainwater Systems Work?

Rainwater systems are simple but clever. When it rains, water falls on roofs or special surfaces. Gutters and pipes carry this water into tanks or big containers. The water is stored there until it is needed for drinking, cooking, washing, or watering plants.

Here’s how a basic rainwater system works:

• Catchment area: Usually a roof or a smooth surface where rain falls.
• Gutters and pipes: These move the rainwater from the catchment area to a storage tank.
• Storage tank: A big container, often made of plastic or concrete, that holds the water.
• Filter: Sometimes, a filter is used to remove dirt and leaves.
• Tap: People use a tap to get water from the tank when they need it.

These systems can be small, for one family, or big, for a whole village.

Why Is Rainwater So Important in Cabo Verde?

Rainwater is important because there are no big rivers or lakes. The ground is often too dry to dig wells, and the ocean water is salty and cannot be used unless it is cleaned in a special way called desalination, which uses a lot of energy and money.

Rainwater is free and does not need much energy to collect. It can be used for many things, like:

• Drinking and cooking (if it is clean)
• Washing clothes and dishes
• Watering gardens and farms
• Giving to animals

For many families, rainwater is the only way to get clean water close to home.

How Much Rainwater Can Cabo Verde Collect?

The amount of rainwater that can be collected depends on:

• How much it rains
• The size of the roof or catchment area
• The size of the storage tank

Let’s look at the facts:

• Most rain falls in just three or four months. 
• Some areas get less than 100 millimeters of rain per year.
• The wettest places get up to 900 millimeters, but these are rare and high in the mountains.

If a family has a roof that is 50 square meters, and it rains 200 millimeters in a year, they could collect about 10,000 liters of water (if they catch every drop). But in the dry season, there might be no rain for months. This means the tanks must be big enough to store water for a long time.

Are Rainwater Systems Enough for Everyone?

The Good News

Rainwater systems help many people. In some villages, rainwater tanks mean families do not have to walk far to get water. They can collect water during the rainy months and use it in the dry months. Some farms use rainwater systems to grow food during the dry season.

The Challenges

But rainwater systems are not perfect. Here are some of the problems:

• Not enough rain: In very dry years, there is simply not enough rain to fill the tanks. Droughts can last for months or even years.
• Small tanks: Many families cannot afford big tanks, so their water runs out before the next rain comes.
• Dirty water: If the tanks are not cleaned, or if the water is not filtered, it can become dirty and unsafe to drink.
• Climate change: The weather is becoming more unpredictable. Sometimes, the rains do not come at all, or they come all at once and cause floods.
• Growing population: More people means more water is needed. Tourism also uses a lot of water, sometimes more than local families.

The Numbers

• Only about 59% of people in Cabo Verde have clean water in their homes or on their property.
• In rural areas, more than half of the people do not have easy access to clean water.
• Many families use less than 40 liters of water per person per day, which is much less than people in other countries.
• Some islands, like Sal, are even drier and depend almost completely on other sources, like desalination.

What Happens When Rainwater Is Not Enough?

When rainwater is not enough, people must find other ways to get water. Here are some of the main solutions:

1. Desalination

This is a process where salt is removed from seawater to make it drinkable. Cabo Verde uses desalination more and more, especially in the cities and on the driest islands. But desalination needs a lot of energy, which makes water expensive. Most of the energy comes from imported oil, so prices can be very high.

2. Water Trucks

In some places, water is brought in trucks and sold to families. This water is expensive, and not everyone can afford it.

3. Dams and Reservoirs

Some islands have small dams to collect rainwater in big ponds. But because it rains so little, these often dry up quickly.

4. Wells

There are a few wells, but the ground is often too dry, and the water can be salty or dirty.

How Are Rainwater Systems Being Improved?

People in Cabo Verde are always looking for ways to make rainwater systems better. Here are some ideas and actions:

• Bigger Tanks: Some projects help families get bigger tanks so they can store more water for the dry season.
• Better Filters: Using filters and teaching people how to keep tanks clean helps make the water safer to drink.
• Community Systems: In some villages, everyone shares a big rainwater system, so there is more water for all.
• Education: Teaching children and adults how to save water and keep it clean is very important.
• Support from Groups/NGOs: Non profit Organizations like Aqua Maya help provide access to clean water in these areas. Some NGOs help install rainwater systems and train people to use them well.

What About the Future?

Cabo Verde’s government and many groups are working hard to make sure everyone has enough water. They have made some progress:

• More people now have piped water and better toilets than before.
• New laws and programs help families get water more easily.
• There are plans to use more solar and wind energy to make desalination cheaper and better for the environment.

But there is still a long way to go. Climate change makes the weather even less predictable. More people and more tourists mean more water is needed every year.

Simple Ways Everyone Can Help

Even small actions can make a big difference:

• Fix leaks quickly so water is not wasted.
• Use a bucket instead of a hose to wash things.
• Collect rainwater in every home, even with a small tank.
• Teach friends and family about saving water.

Table: Cabo Verde Water Facts

Conclusion

Rainwater systems are a lifeline for many people in Cabo Verde. They help families catch and save water when it rains. But because the rain is rare and the dry season is long, these systems alone are not enough for everyone. 

Cabo Verde needs a mix of solutions: rainwater systems, desalination, education, and support from NGOs like Aqua Maya. With teamwork, smart ideas, and care for every drop, Cabo Verde can move closer to a future where everyone has enough clean water.

Key Takeaways

• Rainwater is precious in Cabo Verde, but there is not enough for everyone all year.
• Rainwater systems help, but they need to be bigger, cleaner, and better managed.
• Other solutions like desalination and water trucks are needed, but they are expensive.
• Nonprofits like Aqua Maya play an important role in helping the local communities to access clean and safe water.
• Saving water and working together is the best way forward for Cabo Verde.

Every drop counts. By caring for water today, Cabo Verde can build a brighter, healthier tomorrow for all its children.

Sources 

1. https://reportersonline.nl/cape-verdes-water-and-electricity-crisis-the-hidden-costs-of-development/

2. https://revolve.media/features/saving-water-in-dry-climates

3. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=51778

4. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/019/2024/040/article-A001-en.xml

5. https://borgenproject.org/sanitation-in-cape-verde/

6. https://reliefweb.int/report/cabo-verde/cabo-verde-dref-operation-final-report-no-mdrcv003

7. https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/27/cape-verde-bearing-the-brunt-of-the-effects-of-climate-change/

8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016706114003474

9. https://edepot.wur.nl/218157

Why is Water Scarce in Cabo Verde?

Cabo Verde is made up of several islands, most of which are dry and receive very little rain. The country gets less than ten inches of rain a year, which is very low compared to many other places in the world. Unlike many countries, Cabo Verde has no large rivers or lakes to provide fresh water. The islands are volcanic and mountainous, which means water quickly runs off or evaporates under the hot sun. This natural lack of water has always made life difficult for the people living there.

Climate change is making the problem worse. Rainfall has become even less predictable, and droughts are happening more often. These dry spells mean that the little water the islands do get is not enough to meet the needs of the people, farms, and growing towns.

How Do People Get Water Now?

Because natural freshwater is so scarce, Cabo Verde relies heavily on desalination – a process that removes salt from seawater to make it drinkable. Desalination plants are now the main source of water for many of the islands’ towns and tourist areas. For example, the islands of Sal and São Vicente have large desalination plants that provide water to over 100,000 people, including many tourists.

However, desalination is very expensive and uses a lot of electricity. Cabo Verde’s electricity mostly comes from imported fossil fuels, which are costly and not always reliable. This creates a difficult cycle: the country needs electricity to make water, but electricity is limited and expensive, especially during the busy tourist seasons when demand is highest.

The Impact of Tourism and Urban Growth

Tourism is a big part of Cabo Verde’s economy, but it also increases water demand. Tourists use much more water than local residents because of hotels, swimming pools, golf courses, and daily laundry services. Meanwhile, many local families face water rationing or have to buy water delivered by tanker trucks at high prices.

At the same time, urban areas are growing quickly. More people moving to cities means more water and electricity are needed, but the infrastructure – pipes, pumps, and power lines – is old and often leaks or breaks down. It is estimated that about 40% of treated water is lost before it even reaches consumers because of leaks. This wastes precious water and makes the supply problem worse.

The Interlinked Water and Electricity Crisis Driven by Tourism and Urban Growth

Cabo Verde’s water struggle cannot be understood without looking at its energy challenges, as the two are tightly connected. The country depends heavily on desalination to produce fresh water from seawater, but desalination plants consume large amounts of electricity. Cabo Verde’s electricity system is fragile and relies mostly on imported fossil fuels, which are expensive and sometimes unreliable.

The rapid growth of tourism and urban expansion has sharply increased demand for both water and electricity. Luxury hotels, resorts, and tourist facilities require constant power for air conditioning, lighting, and water desalination. During peak tourist seasons, electricity shortages and blackouts become common, making it harder to produce enough water. This creates a vicious cycle: water production depends on electricity, but electricity demand rises because of water needs.

Meanwhile, many local residents face water rationing and high energy costs, while tourist areas continue to consume large amounts of resources. This imbalance raises concerns about fair access to water and energy.

To break this cycle, Cabo Verde is exploring renewable energy sources like solar and wind power to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and make desalination more sustainable. Hotels are also encouraged to adopt water-saving technologies such as low-flow showers and greywater recycling. Fixing old infrastructure to reduce water loss and improving energy efficiency are key steps.

Balancing tourism growth with sustainable resource management is critical. Without it, the water and electricity crises threaten both the environment and the livelihoods of Cabo Verde’s people.

Agriculture and Water Challenges

Farming in Cabo Verde is also affected by water scarcity. The country has only about 500 cubic meters of freshwater per person each year, which is very low compared to places like Switzerland, which has about eight times more. Because of this shortage, agriculture produces less than 15% of the food the population needs, so the country depends heavily on food imports.

To help farmers, some projects are introducing better water management techniques like drip irrigation, which uses water slowly and directly on plants to reduce waste. There are also efforts to recycle wastewater and use solar energy to power water systems, which can help save water and energy.

Community-Based Water Management and Climate Adaptation Efforts

In Cabo Verde’s agricultural communities, especially on Santiago Island, water scarcity is closely linked to climate change impacts such as droughts and irregular rainfall. Local farmers in areas like Longueira and Covoada have faced unreliable water access and soil erosion caused by unsustainable farming practices that used excessive irrigation water. To address this, projects supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) have introduced micro-irrigation systems – small-scale drip irrigation that uses water efficiently on farms. These systems have helped restore about 0.44 hectares of degraded land, conserve water, and reduce stress on community wells and springs.

These efforts go beyond technology; they include capacity building and awareness workshops that teach communities about climate change impacts and sustainable water use. By planting drought-tolerant crops such as melons and garlic and using organic fertilizers, farmers have improved soil quality and crop resilience. This integrated approach has increased food and water security while generating income for local families. Such community-driven water management is essential for adapting to climate change and preserving fragile ecosystems in Cabo Verde’s drier islands.

National Climate Resilience Programs and Innovative Water Solutions

Recognizing the urgent need to adapt to climate change, Cabo Verde has launched national programs to build resilience in its water sector. Supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and partners, these initiatives focus on improving water resource management through a combination of nature-based solutions and modern technologies.

Pilot projects in several municipalities demonstrate effective climate adaptation measures such as water recycling, enhanced infiltration of rainwater, terracing agricultural land to control floods, and drip irrigation to increase water use efficiency. On Santo Antão Island, reforestation and soil conservation efforts help restore watersheds, improving groundwater recharge and reducing erosion.

These programs also emphasize strengthening local and national capacity by sharing knowledge, improving climate information systems, and fostering collaboration among communities, governments, and NGOs. By combining traditional water management with innovative practices, Cabo Verde aims to reduce risks from droughts and floods and secure water access for agriculture and human use across its vulnerable islands.

The Role of New Projects and Organizations

Several organizations and projects are working to improve water access in Cabo Verde. For example, Aqua Maya, a U.S.-based NGO, is known for providing sustainable water solutions in West Africa. Ongoing works in dry regions like Mauritania, could serve as a model for similar work in Cabo Verde. Aqua Maya focuses on solar-powered wells and rainwater harvesting systems, which are designed to last and be maintained by local communities. Such approaches could help Cabo Verde reduce its reliance on expensive desalination and imported fuels.

Additionally, companies like ACCIONA Agua have built and expanded desalination plants on the islands, increasing water supply capacity for residents and tourists. These plants are crucial but still face challenges like water loss during pumping and high costs for consumers.

What Can Be Done to Solve the Water Crisis?

Solving Cabo Verde’s water struggle requires a mix of solutions:

• Improving infrastructure: Fixing leaks and upgrading pipes can save a large amount of water before it even reaches people.

• Expanding renewable energy: Using solar and wind power to run desalination plants can reduce costs and make water production more sustainable.

• Water-saving farming techniques: Encouraging drip irrigation and recycling wastewater can help farmers grow more food with less water.

• Community involvement: Educating and involving local people in water management ensures that solutions are maintained and effective over time.

• Balancing tourism and local needs: Managing water use in hotels and tourist areas more carefully can help ensure that locals have enough water.

Conclusion

The water struggle in Cabo Verde’s drier islands is a complex challenge shaped by nature, climate change, and human activity. With very little rainfall and no large freshwater sources, the country depends heavily on costly and energy-intensive desalination. Rapid urban growth and tourism increase demand, while old infrastructure wastes much of the water produced.

Despite these difficulties, Cabo Verde is making progress through new technologies, infrastructure projects, and sustainable farming practices. Organizations like Aqua Maya demonstrate how community-based, renewable solutions can help bring clean water to dry regions. The future depends on continued investment, smart management, and cooperation between government, businesses, and local people to ensure that water is available for all who call Cabo Verde home.

Sources

1. https://pureaqua.com/reverse-osmosis-water-treatment-in-cape-verde/

2. https://reportersonline.nl/cape-verdes-water-and-electricity-crisis-the-hidden-costs-of-development/

3. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/019/2024/040/article-A001-en.xml

4. https://www.wathi.org/cape-verde-the-ocean-as-a-solution-for-water-crisis-atlantico-august-2019/

5. https://www.acciona.com/updates/news/acciona-agua-grows-republic-cabo-verde-construction-two-desalination-plants

6. https://www.greenpolicyplatform.org/sites/default/files/downloads/best-practices/Cabo%20verde.pdf

7. https://www.elementalwatermakers.com/desalination-cape-verde/

8. https://www.undp.org/acceleratorlabs/blog/water-planter

9. https://www.adaptation-undp.org/projects/building-adaptive-capacity-and-resilience-climate-change-water-sector-cabo-verde

10. https://www.fao.org/newsroom/story/drought-within-an-ocean/en

The Harsh Reality of Water Scarcity in Cabo Verde

Cabo Verde is located far from the African mainland, about 500 kilometers off Senegal’s coast. It is a group of islands that are very dry and have very little rainfall. The rainy season is short and rare, lasting only about ten days a year. This means that the islands do not get much natural water from rain, which makes it very hard to have enough fresh water for everyone.

Since 2017, Cabo Verde has been suffering from one of the worst droughts in decades. The drought has caused crops to fail, food to become scarce, and water sources to dry up. Many farmers have lost their crops, and the land has become less fertile. This has made life even harder for people who live in rural areas and depend on farming for their income.

Because of the drought, water in rivers and underground aquifers has decreased sharply. This means that the water available for drinking, farming, and other uses is very limited. The government even declared a state of emergency in 2022 because of the severe drought.

The Unreliable Tap: Quality Concerns and Infrastructure Deficiencies

Despite ongoing efforts, tap water in many parts of Cabo Verde remains an unreliable and often unsafe source of drinking water. Water quality is a major concern, with studies indicating that a significant portion of public water supplies do not meet national drinking water standards. Contamination by bacteria such as E. coli and coliforms has been detected in many samples, posing serious health risks to consumers. This contamination leads many to avoid tap water for drinking due to fear of waterborne diseases.

The country’s water infrastructure faces significant strain due to rapid urban growth and aging systems. While about 59% of the population has access to clean water at home or on their property, many still depend on communal taps or private deliveries. In densely populated areas like Santa Maria on Sal island, many residents and businesses rely on expensive private wastewater removal and water treatment due to strained public infrastructure. Furthermore, 54% of rural residents and 16% of urban residents lack access to improved sanitation facilities, with open-air defecation common in rural areas, contributing to waterborne diseases.

The primary method for supplying water in Cabo Verde is energy-intensive desalination, which converts seawater into potable water. This process is costly, as it relies heavily on imported fossil fuels to power the national grid. The high energy costs directly translate to expensive water production, making water supply both costly and sometimes unreliable for many residents. This reliance on energy-intensive desalination creates a vicious cycle where water and electricity shortages fuel each other: desalination requires vast amounts of electricity, increasing pressure on the power grid, and as electricity shortages worsen, desalination becomes less reliable, deepening the water crisis.

The Allure of Bottled Water: Safety, Reliability, and Economic Impact

Given the issues with tap water, bottled water emerges as a preferred and often necessary alternative for many Cabo Verdeans. It is generally perceived as safer due to stricter quality controls and freedom from common contaminants found in tap water. This perception of safety, combined with the unreliability of municipal water supply, drives consumer preference for bottled water. When tap water supply is interrupted, which is common during peak demand, or its quality is suspect, bottled water provides a consistent and trusted source.

For families, especially those with vulnerable members like children, bottled water offers peace of mind against waterborne illnesses. Research comparing bottled and tap water on islands like Fogo has shown that bottled water typically meets quality standards and has lower mineral content, reinforcing its perceived superiority.

The demand for bottled water also reflects a significant economic disparity. While luxury resorts and the tourism sector, which accounts for up to 40% of the country’s GDP and employs over a third of its workforce, enjoy a steady water supply, many local communities face rationing and high prices for water deliveries. The cost of bottled water can be a substantial burden for low-income families, who often consume less water than recommended due to financial constraints and supply interruptions. NGOs like Aqua Maya contribute to addressing this need by providing safe water solutions, yet the widespread reliance on bottled water underscores the ongoing challenges in achieving universal access to clean, affordable tap water.

The Human Cost: Livelihoods and Health

The impact of water scarcity extends far beyond mere inconvenience, profoundly affecting livelihoods, health, and social stability. In a country where 22% of the active population works in agriculture, the drastic decline in agricultural production due to drought directly threatens food security and pushes more families into poverty. For those dependent on livestock, water scarcity also affects their primary source of income.

Health is another critical concern. Limited access to safe drinking water and inadequate sanitation facilities contribute to the prevalence of waterborne diseases. The economic crisis, compounded by global events like the COVID-19 pandemic has further worsened these issues by increasing food and energy prices, disproportionately affecting the poorest segments of the population.

For many Cabo Verdeans, securing water involves daily struggles, whether it’s rationing, paying high prices for deliveries, or walking long distances to fetch water. The psychological burden of constant water insecurity adds another layer of hardship.

Investments, Sustainable Solutions, and Future Resilience

Cabo Verde faces a complex water crisis, but the country is actively pursuing a range of strategies to improve water access, quality, and sustainability. These efforts combine immediate infrastructure improvements with long-term plans to build resilience against climate change and ensure water security for future generations.

● Infrastructure Development and Community Empowerment

Significant investments have been made to enhance water infrastructure, especially in rural areas where water scarcity hits hardest. For example, the Picos and Engenhos Watershed Management project, funded by the African Development Bank, has constructed irrigation systems, wells, and reservoirs on Santiago Island. This initiative has transformed local farming communities, providing a steady water supply that has helped nearly 1,000 women smallholder farmers increase their agricultural output and income. Vocational training and support for farming associations, particularly for women, have empowered communities to better manage water resources and improve livelihoods.

● Technological and Renewable Energy Solutions

Recognizing the high cost and environmental impact of energy-intensive desalination, Cabo Verde is exploring renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels. These renewable energy projects aim to power desalination plants more sustainably and lower production costs. Additionally, water-saving technologies like drip irrigation are being promoted to conserve water in agriculture, which accounts for a significant portion of water use.

● Policy Reforms and Institutional Strengthening

Since 2012, the government has implemented reforms to improve water access and sanitation. These include the creation of the Social Access Fund to help vulnerable populations afford water services and the establishment of water utilities like Aguas de Santiago to enhance service delivery. Strengthening water governance and improving monitoring systems are key components of these reforms, ensuring that water quality and distribution meet national standards.

● Building Climate Resilience for the Future

Climate change poses a growing threat to Cabo Verde’s water security, with predictions of shorter rainy seasons and more frequent extreme weather events. To adapt, the country is integrating climate resilience into its water management strategies. This includes restoring natural vegetation to protect watersheds, improving water recycling and conservation practices, and developing early warning systems for droughts and floods. International partners provide critical support in financing these adaptation measures and sharing technical expertise.

● Long-Term Vision

The ultimate goal is to reduce Cabo Verde’s dependence on bottled water by ensuring that tap water is consistently safe, affordable, and accessible to all. Achieving this requires sustained investment in modernizing water infrastructure, expanding renewable energy use for desalination, and empowering communities to manage water sustainably. By addressing both immediate needs and future risks, Cabo Verde aims to secure clean water as a fundamental right for its people.

Conclusion

The ongoing reliance on bottled water in Cabo Verde highlights the urgent need to address deep-rooted challenges in water supply and quality. Water scarcity, infrastructure limitations, and climate pressures continue to impact health, livelihoods, and economic stability across the islands. While bottled water provides a necessary safe alternative today, it also shows gaps in equitable access to clean tap water.

Significant progress is being made through investments in infrastructure, renewable energy, and community-based solutions, supported by both government initiatives and help from nonprofits like Aqua Maya. These efforts are critical steps toward building a resilient water system that can withstand climate change and meet the needs of all Cabo Verdeans.

Achieving universal access to safe, affordable, and reliable tap water will require sustained commitment, innovation, and collaboration. With continued focus on these priorities, Cabo Verde can move beyond dependence on bottled water and secure a healthier, more sustainable future for its people.

Sources

1.  https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g482848-i10796-k15267259-Cape_Verde_current_water_shortage_2025-Santa_Maria_Ilha_do_Sal.html

2. https://go-api.ifrc.org/api/downloadfile/89573/Cape%20Verde_INP_2025.

3. https://reliefweb.int/report/cabo-verde/cabo-verde-dref-operation-final-report-no-mdrcv003

4. https://www.adaptation-undp.org/projects/building-adaptive-capacity-and-resilience-climate-change-water-sector-cabo-verde

5. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099011425053533766/pdf/P500457-ab149c65-20d3-4583-bd20-e73fbf70a940.pdf

6. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1625

7. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/high-level-summary-technical-assistance-reports/Issues/2024/04/23/Climate-Policy-Assessment-547715

8. https://www.preventionweb.net/news/cabo-verde-drought-within-ocean

It sounds like paradise – and in many ways, it is. But there’s a quiet challenge beneath the beauty: even with the ocean all around, people here can’t drink saltwater. They still need clean, fresh water to drink, cook, and stay healthy. And that’s not always easy to come by.

But is there enough safe drinking water for everyone in Cabo Verde? Let’s explore the real story behind the water that flows from taps, wells, and even the sea.

The Challenge: Why Water Is Hard to Find

Cabo Verde is a dry place. It does not rain much, and there are no big rivers or lakes. Most of the water that people use comes from underground or from the sea, after it is cleaned. The country often faces droughts, which means there is even less water than usual.

Key Facts About Water in Cabo Verde

• Low Rainfall: Some islands get less than 9 inches of rain each year.
• No Major Rivers: There are no big rivers to provide water.
• High Evaporation: The hot sun makes water disappear quickly.
• Droughts: Since 2017, Cabo Verde has faced some of its worst droughts in decades.

How Do People Get Drinking Water?

1. Public Water Network

Most people in cities get their water from pipes that bring water to their homes. About 69 out of every 100 people use this public water network as their main source. In cities, approximately 75% of people have this service, but in the countryside, fewer people do.

2. Wells and Boreholes

In rural areas, many families use wells or boreholes. Sometimes, these wells dry up or the water is not clean enough to drink.

3. Desalination: Turning Seawater into Fresh Water

Because there is not enough fresh water, Cabo Verde uses special machines called desalination plants. These plants take salt out of seawater so people can drink it. Desalination is very important, especially on the driest islands like Sal and Boa Vista.

• Desalination plants provide water for about 50,000 people on some islands.
• A new plant on the island of Maio more than doubled the water supply for 7,000 people.
• Some plants use solar energy to save money and help the environment.

Is the Water Safe to Drink?

Progress and Problems

Cabo Verde has made progress in giving people safe water. Almost all schools (97.6%) have access to drinking water. About 85% of homes have some kind of sanitation system, which helps keep water clean.

But there are still problems:

• Only 59% of people have clean water in their homes or on their property.
• Many families in rural areas still have to fetch water from far away or buy it from trucks.
• About 40% of treated water is lost before it reaches homes because of old pipes and leaks.
• Some people have to pay high prices for water, especially if it is delivered by truck.

Water Quality

Desalinated water is usually safe to drink, but sometimes water from wells or trucks can be dirty or carry germs. The government and NGOs like Aqua Maya work to make sure water is clean and safe for everyone and accessible for everyone.

Who Has the Most Trouble Getting Water?

City vs. Countryside

• Cities: Most people in cities have better access to water. About 75% of city dwellers use the public water network.
• Rural Areas: In the countryside, only about 57% have the same access. Many must use wells, which can dry up or become salty.

Poor Families

• Low-income families often use less water – sometimes only 24 liters per person per day, which is less than what is healthy.
• About 30% of the population lives in poverty, making it hard to pay for water.

What Is Being Done to Help?

Government Actions

The government of Cabo Verde is working hard to solve the water problem:

• Building more desalination plants, some powered by solar energy.
• Fixing old pipes to stop leaks and save water.
• Creating new laws and companies to manage water better.
• Helping poor families get water connections and toilets through special funds.

International Help

Other countries and groups are helping too:

• The African Development Bank funded projects to bring water to farmers and villages.
• Luxembourg helped pay for a big desalination plant on Maio island.
• Hungary is working with Cabo Verde to build more desalination plants for farming.

Community Projects

Aqua Maya keeps working to bring clean water to more people in West Africa, including Cabo Verde. They help reduce sickness that result from dirty water and teach people how to keep water clean.

Special Projects: Making a Difference

Desalination Plants

• Praia and São Vicente: Two big plants provide water for 50,000 people.
• Maio: A new plant more than doubled the water supply for 7,000 people and uses solar power.
• São Domingos: A plant gives water to 1,200 farmers and uses solar energy.

Helping Farmers

Water projects have changed life for many farmers, especially women. With better irrigation, they can grow more food and earn more money. This means they can send their children to school and have a better life.

Adapting to Climate Change: Protecting Water for the Future

Cabo Verde faces a big challenge from climate change, which makes droughts longer and rainfalls more unpredictable. This is especially hard for farmers and communities who depend on water for growing food and daily life. To help, several projects have started to teach people new ways to save and use water wisely.

One important effort is in the communities of Longueira and Covoada on Santiago Island, where farmers grow vegetables like carrots, beans, and tomatoes. These communities have faced droughts and floods that damage their land and water sources. To fix this, micro-irrigation systems were installed. These systems use small tubes to drip water directly to plants, saving a lot of water compared to traditional watering. They also built water tanks and fixed community wells to store and protect water during dry times.

These changes have helped farmers grow more food with less water, restored damaged soil, and reduced water stress on wells and springs. The use of drought-tolerant crops like melons and garlic also helps farmers survive when rain is scarce. This project not only improves water availability but also gives people new ways to earn money and feed their families.

At the national level, the government and partners like the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are working on bigger plans to manage water better across the islands. They focus on nature-based solutions like planting trees to protect watersheds, using drip irrigation, and recycling water. These efforts aim to build strong communities that can handle storms, droughts, and other effects of climate change.

By combining traditional knowledge with new technology and community action, Cabo Verde is learning how to protect its precious water resources. This is essential to ensure that safe drinking water and enough water for farming will be available for future generations.

The Future: Will There Be Enough Water?

Good News

• More people have access to water now than ever before.
• New technology, like solar-powered desalination, is making water cheaper and cleaner.
• The government wants to give everyone safe water by 2030.

Challenges Ahead

• Climate change is making droughts worse, so there is less rain.
• Tourism uses a lot of water, sometimes more than local people.
• Old pipes and leaks waste a lot of water before it reaches homes.
• Some families still cannot afford to pay for water.

What Needs to Be Done?

To make sure everyone in Cabo Verde has enough safe drinking water, these steps are important:

• Build more desalination plants, especially in dry areas.
• Fix old pipes to stop leaks and save water.
• Help poor families pay for water and connect to the public network.
• Use solar and wind power to make water cheaper and protect the environment.
• Teach people how to keep water clean and use it wisely.
• Support groups like Aqua Maya that bring water to those in need.

Table: Water Access in Cabo Verde

Conclusion 

Cabo Verde is working hard to make sure everyone has enough safe drinking water. There have been big improvements, but there is still work to do. Many people, especially in the countryside, still struggle to get clean water every day. Droughts, old pipes, and high costs make things harder.

But with new technology, help from other countries, and the work of Aqua Maya and other NGOs, there is hope. If everyone keeps working together, one day all children in Cabo Verde will be able to drink clean, safe water whenever they are thirsty.

Key Takeaway: Cabo Verde does not yet have enough safe drinking water for everyone, but things are getting better. With more help and smart ideas, the dream of safe water for all can come true.

Sources

1. https://reliefweb.int/report/cabo-verde/cabo-verde-dref-operation-final-report-no-mdrcv003

2. https://reportersonline.nl/cape-verdes-water-and-electricity-crisis-the-hidden-costs-of-development/

3. https://borgenproject.org/sanitation-in-cape-verde/

4. https://sdgs.un.org/basic-page/cabo-verde-34114

5. https://www.acciona.com/projects/swro-cabo-verde

6. https://www.acciona.com/updates/news/acciona-agua-grows-republic-cabo-verde-construction-two-desalination-plants

7. https://www.maiocapeverde.com/latest/desalination-plant-renewables-maio-cape-verde-opens.html

8. https://home.westafricaweekly.com/cabo-verde-begins-using-seawater-for-farming-with-new-desalination-plant/

9. https://www.elementalwatermakers.com/municipality-in-cape-verde-signs-mou-for-water-project/

10. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/water-project-in-cabo-verde-saves-communities-transforms-livelihoods-of-women-18356

Natural Challenges: Scarce Rain and No Rivers

Cabo Verde is an island country in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. It does not have big rivers or lakes to provide fresh water. The islands get very little rain, and what falls is often uneven and unpredictable. Because of the hot and dry climate, much of the water evaporates quickly. This natural setting means there is very little fresh water available for people, farms, and animals to use.

Key reasons why water is hard to get in Cabo Verde:

• Low and irregular rainfall: The islands do not get much rain, and when it comes, it is often unpredictable. This makes relying on rainwater difficult.

• No major rivers or lakes: Unlike many places that get water from rivers or lakes, Cabo Verde has none to speak of. This limits natural freshwater sources.

• High evaporation: The warm, dry climate causes water to evaporate quickly, reducing the amount of water stored in soil and small reservoirs.

• Rapid urban growth and tourism: More people are moving to cities, and tourism is growing fast. Tourists use much more water than locals, especially in luxury hotels with pools, golf courses, and frequent laundry services. This puts extra pressure on the limited water supply.

• Old and leaky infrastructure: The water system is old and inefficient, losing about 40-55% of treated water before it reaches people due to leaks and bad repairs.

• High cost of water: Because water is so scarce and expensive to produce, many families pay high prices for water delivered by tanker trucks. For example, a 30-liter jerry can can cost about 0.20 euros, which is expensive for many locals.

• Dependence on desalination: To get enough water, Cabo Verde relies heavily on desalination, which is the process of removing salt from seawater. Desalination provides over 80-90% of the fresh water in main urban areas. However, desalination needs a lot of electricity, and Cabo Verde also faces electricity shortages, creating a cycle where water and power problems worsen each other.

• Climate change and drought: Climate change is making droughts more frequent and rainfall even less reliable, worsening the water shortage.

Climate Change Makes Things Worse

Cabo Verde faces more droughts and less reliable rainfall because of climate change. The rainy season is shorter, and storms or floods happen more often but do not always help refill water supplies. Saltwater also seeps into underground water sources, making them salty and unsafe to drink. These changes make water shortages more frequent and harder to manage.

Human Factors: Tourism, Urbanization, and High Demand

Besides natural challenges, human activities make water access even harder in Cabo Verde. Two main reasons are the rapid growth of cities and the booming tourism industry. Both bring more people and businesses that need water and electricity, but the islands’ systems cannot always keep up.

Tourism’s Big Water Footprint

Tourists visiting Cabo Verde use much more water than local residents. Studies show that a tourist can use about five times the amount of water a local person uses every day. This is because many hotels and resorts have swimming pools, golf courses, and offer daily laundry services, all of which need a lot of water. For example, watering golf courses alone can consume huge amounts of water that could otherwise serve local communities.

Because tourism is a major part of Cabo Verde’s economy, the country wants to keep attracting visitors. But this puts extra pressure on the already limited water supply. During busy seasons, water shortages become more common, and sometimes water has to be rationed or delivered by trucks to homes and businesses.

Urban Growth and Rising Demand

More people are moving to cities like Praia, the capital, and other urban centers. This urban growth means more homes, shops, and industries need water. Unfortunately, the water infrastructure – pipes, pumps, and treatment plants – is old and often cannot handle the increased demand. Many neighborhoods experience interruptions in water supply, especially during dry periods.

The Link Between Water and Energy

Most of Cabo Verde’s fresh water in cities comes from desalination plants that remove salt from seawater. Desalination needs a lot of electricity to work. But Cabo Verde depends mostly on imported fossil fuels for power, which are expensive and sometimes unreliable. Power outages or fuel shortages can force desalination plants to stop working, cutting off water supply.

This creates a difficult cycle: more people and tourists use more water, so more electricity is needed for desalination. But electricity is limited and costly, which reduces water production. When water is scarce, people rely on expensive water trucks or unsafe sources, affecting health and daily life.

Finding Balance for the Future

To solve these problems, Cabo Verde needs to manage water and energy together. This means:

Using renewable energy like solar and wind to power desalination plants, reducing costs and improving reliability.

Encouraging water-saving practices in tourism, such as recycling water, using drip irrigation for landscaping, and educating visitors about conserving water.

Expanding and upgrading urban water infrastructure to reduce leaks and increase supply.

Planning urban growth carefully to avoid overusing water resources.

By understanding how tourism, cities, and energy use affect water access, Cabo Verde can create smart solutions that help both people and the environment.

Efforts to Save and Manage Water Better

To fight water scarcity, Cabo Verde uses several smart approaches:

Drip irrigation (“rega gota a gota”) waters plants slowly and directly at the roots, saving water by reducing evaporation and runoff. This method covers about 27% of the islands’ agriculture and helps farmers grow crops with less water.

Building dams and harvesting underground water help store rainwater for dry times. The government and experts work together to improve these systems.

Water recycling and conservation projects are being tested in different areas to make the most of limited water.

What is Being Done and Challenges Ahead

• Some new technologies like drip irrigation help save water in agriculture by watering plants slowly and efficiently.

• The government aims to expand access to safe drinking water to 100% of the population by improving desalination and water management.

• Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power have great potential in Cabo Verde to reduce energy costs for desalination but are not yet fully developed.

• Local involvement is crucial. Educating people to use water wisely and maintain infrastructure can help reduce waste and improve water access.

The Role of Renewable Energy, Innovation, and Organizations like Aqua Maya

Because Cabo Verde has very little natural fresh water, the country depends heavily on desalination – a process that removes salt from seawater to make it drinkable. Desalination provides over 80% of the fresh water in main cities like Praia and Sal. However, this process uses a lot of electricity, and Cabo Verde often faces power shortages. Electricity in Cabo Verde mostly comes from imported fossil fuels, which are expensive and sometimes unreliable. This makes producing enough fresh water costly and difficult.

To solve this, renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power offer great promise. Using the abundant sunshine and wind to power desalination plants can reduce costs, make water production more reliable, and help the environment by lowering pollution.

Several companies and organizations are working to bring these innovations to Cabo Verde:

Aqua Maya, a nonprofit organization, focuses on providing clean, sustainable water solutions to underserved communities in West Africa, including Cabo Verde. They work closely with local people to build water infrastructure, teach about water hygiene, and promote long-term water sustainability. Aqua Maya supports projects that use innovative technologies, such as solar-powered desalination, to make clean water more affordable and accessible.

Other companies like Elemental Water Makers provide solar-powered desalination systems that produce clean water at low cost without requiring large investments from local governments. For example, in remote villages where water is usually trucked in at very high prices, these solar desalination plants offer a reliable and affordable alternative.

Pure Aqua, Inc. supplies advanced reverse osmosis and water treatment systems designed to meet the World Health Organization’s standards. Their technology helps treat seawater, brackish water, and groundwater to provide safe drinking water across the islands.

By combining renewable energy with modern desalination technology, these organizations help reduce the high costs and energy demands of fresh water. This approach is crucial for Cabo Verde’s future, as it faces growing water needs from tourism, urban growth, and climate change.

In summary, the partnership between innovative technology and organizations like Aqua Maya is a key part of making clean water a reality for all people in Cabo Verde. Their work brings hope for a future where water is affordable, reliable, and sustainable.

In summary:

Water access in Cabo Verde is hard because the islands naturally lack fresh water sources, suffer from climate challenges, and have growing demands from tourism and urbanization. Old infrastructure and expensive desalination add to the problem. Solutions involve improving technology, using renewable energy, fixing leaks, and involving the community. Organizations like Aqua Maya play a key role in making clean water more affordable and reliable for all.

Sources

1. https://reportersonline.nl/cape-verdes-water-and-electricity-crisis-the-hidden-costs-of-development/

2. https://www.publichealth.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/assets/EOH/Public-Water-Covid-19.pdf

3. https://www.wathi.org/cape-verde-the-ocean-as-a-solution-for-water-crisis-atlantico-august-2019/

4. https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/01/1132702

5. https://www.elementalwatermakers.com/desalination-cape-verde/

6. https://www.undp.org/acceleratorlabs/blog/water-planter

Why Is Water Safety a Concern in Cabo Verde?

Cabo Verde is made up of several islands with very little natural freshwater. The islands get less than 10 inches of rain each year, making fresh water very rare. Because of this, the country depends a lot on seawater desalination – a process that removes salt from seawater to make it drinkable. This is an expensive and energy-heavy process but necessary to provide water to people living in cities and tourist areas.

Treated Wastewater Reuse and Its Role in Water Safety

Cabo Verde faces severe water scarcity, and one important way to increase water availability is through the reuse of treated wastewater, especially for agriculture. Recent studies have monitored the quality of treated wastewater from municipal treatment plants on the islands. These studies found that treated wastewater generally meets safety standards for irrigation, with pollutants kept below harmful levels. This reuse helps reduce pressure on freshwater sources and supports food security, as agriculture is a key sector for the country.

However, monitoring also detected some pharmaceutical residues, such as antibiotics, in treated water. These substances can pose risks if not carefully controlled, including the development of antibiotic resistance. The government has introduced regulations (Decreto Regulamentar no. 4/2020) to ensure treated wastewater is safe for reuse and to protect public health and the environment. This approach strengthens Cabo Verde’s ability to adapt to climate change and water scarcity by making the most of available water resources.

How Is Tap Water Produced in Cabo Verde?

The main way Cabo Verde makes tap water safe is through desalination plants. These plants use advanced technology, mostly reverse osmosis, to clean seawater and turn it into fresh water. This water is then sent through pipes to homes and businesses, especially in urban areas like Praia and Mindelo. The government has been improving these systems since the early 1990s to ensure water quality meets safety standards.

Besides desalination, some water comes from groundwater or surface water sources, but these are less reliable and sometimes less safe, especially in rural areas.

Improvements in Water Infrastructure and Service Delivery

Over the past decade, Cabo Verde has made significant progress in improving water infrastructure and expanding access to piped water. The water utility Águas de Santiago has grown stronger, increasing its customer base by nearly 20% and covering its operating costs. Investments supported by government funds and international partners have helped build desalination plants and wastewater treatment facilities, especially on Santiago and Sal islands.

These efforts have led to a 43% increase in households connected to piped water and a doubling of sewer connections. While water consumption remains relatively low – about 34 liters per person per day in urban areas – these improvements mean more people have reliable access to treated water. However, challenges like drought and the COVID-19 pandemic have occasionally disrupted services, showing the need for continued investment and maintenance.

Is Tap Water Safe to Drink?

• In cities and tourist areas: Tap water is generally safe to drink because it is treated carefully through desalination and purification processes. Many locals and visitors drink it without problems. For example, in Mindelo, some people drink tap water regularly, and ice made from tap water is usually safe.
• In rural or remote areas: The tap water may not always be treated well or safe to drink. It’s better to boil water or use bottled water in these places to avoid getting sick.
• For children: It is recommended to use bottled water to be extra safe.

What Are the Risks?

Despite improvements, some water supplies in Cabo Verde still face challenges. A study from 1989 showed that only about 10% of public water supplies met strict drinking water quality standards, and many samples contained bacteria like E. coli, which is a sign that the water had been polluted, often by human or animal waste.

E. coli is dangerous because it can cause stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, and in severe cases, kidney problems. For healthy adults, the illness may last a few days, but for children, older adults, and people with weak immune systems, it can be much more serious.

Conditions sure have improved since 1989, experts say:

• uneven maintenance, 
• old pipes, 
• water storage issues, and 
• limited monitoring in rural areas

 still make some water sources unsafe.

Tap water in big cities like Praia or Mindelo may be safer due to better infrastructure, but this is not guaranteed. This shows that water quality can vary, and caution is needed, especially outside cities.

In rural areas, people often rely on wells or water delivered by trucks. These sources may not be treated or tested regularly. Plus, it is impossible to vouch for the cleanliness of these water tanks carried by trucks. “How often are the tanks washed?” no one can really tell. Meaning, even clean water can become contaminated if stored in dirty tanks or transported in unhygienic ways.

That’s why safe handling, regular testing, and proper storage are just as important as the water source itself.

While the government has taken steps to improve water safety with the help of NGOs like Aqua Maya, the risks remain real – especially outside the main cities. Travelers and even locals in rural areas need to be cautious and take extra steps to protect their health.

What Is the Government Doing?

The Cabo Verde government has made big efforts to improve water and sanitation:

• Expanding desalination plants to produce more clean water.
• Creating water companies on most islands to manage water supply better.
• Launching social programs to help families get access to clean water and sanitation.
• Reducing water loss and improving water use efficiency.

One example is Aguas de Santiago, a company working on the island of Santiago to improve water access and sanitation for nearly half the country’s population.

What Should Visitors and Residents Do?

To stay safe, here are some simple tips:

• In cities, tap water is usually safe, but if you want to be extra careful, drink bottled water or boil tap water before drinking.
• In rural areas, always boil or filter water before drinking.
• Use bottled water for babies and young children.
• Avoid drinking untreated water or using ice made from untreated water if you are unsure of its source.
• Consider using water filters or purification tablets if you stay long-term or travel to remote areas.

Why Is Clean Water Important?

Clean water plays a big role in keeping people healthy, protecting the environment, and supporting tourism. In Cabo Verde, where water is limited and expensive to produce, keeping it clean is both a challenge and a priority.

When water isn’t clean, it can carry diseases like diarrhea, cholera, and other infections. These illnesses affect everyone, but they’re especially dangerous for children, pregnant women, and older adults. A single case of diarrhea can lead to serious dehydration and even death if left untreated. It also means missed school, missed work, and high medical costs that many families cannot afford.

Tourism is a big part of Cabo Verde’s economy. Visitors come for the beaches, ocean views, and fresh seafood. But if the water is polluted, it not only affects people – it also harms marine life and the country’s image as a safe destination. That’s why clean water is also a business issue. 

One way Cabo Verde shows its commitment is through the Blue Flag program. This is a global award given to beaches that meet high standards for clean water, safety, and care for nature. Several beaches in Cabo Verde have already earned this certification, and more are working toward it.

In short, clean water means healthier people, stronger communities, and a better future for both locals and visitors. It’s something worth protecting every day.

Government Regulations and Emergency Measures to Ensure Water Quality

The Cabo Verde government actively regulates water quality and infrastructure to protect public health. Recent resolutions (2025) focus on increasing drinking water production, improving distribution efficiency, and maintaining sewage networks, especially in the capital Praia and other municipalities on Santiago island. These emergency and urgent measures aim to reduce breakdown risks and ensure continuous supply of safe water.

The National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANAS) has been empowered to manage contracts and funding for renewable energy projects that support water mobilization, such as solar-powered pumps. These initiatives help make water systems more sustainable and resilient to climate challenges. The government also enforces strict standards for irrigation water quality to prevent environmental damage and health risks from unsafe water reuse.

Conclusion

Is it safe to drink tap water in Cabo Verde? The answer depends on where you are:

• In urban areas and tourist spots, tap water is mostly safe due to desalination and treatment.

For vulnerable people like children, the elderly, pregnant women and the sick, bottled water is safest.

• In rural areas, caution is needed, and boiling or bottled water is recommended.

Cabo Verde faces real challenges with water scarcity and quality, but ongoing government efforts and modern technology have made tap water safer than before. Travelers and locals should take simple precautions.

Drinking water safely in Cabo Verde is possible with awareness and care, allowing you to enjoy the beauty of the islands without worry.

Sources

1. https://tapwater-quality.com/en/tap-water-in-cape-verde/

2. https://pureaqua.com/reverse-osmosis-water-treatment-in-cape-verde/

3. https://meetcaboverde.com/tap-water-quality-in-cape-verde/

4. https://chunkewatertreatment.com/water-treatment-in-cape-verde-with-reverse-osmosis/

5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2542397/

6. https://sdgs.un.org/basic-page/cabo-verde-34114

7. https://borgenproject.org/sanitation-in-cape-verde/

8. https://share.google/9S9tAs5F2bi6DPBN0

Why Water Is Scarce in Cabo Verde

Cabo Verde is located in a dry part of the world called the Sahel. The islands get very little rain, and the land doesn’t have many rivers or lakes. Most of the water underground is salty or hard to reach. Because of this, the country cannot rely on natural freshwater sources like many other places. This scarcity means the people of Cabo Verde have to use special methods to get water that is safe to use.

Climate Change and Its Impact on Water in Cabo Verde

Cabo Verde is very vulnerable to climate change, which makes water scarcity even worse. The islands face more droughts, salty water getting into freshwater supplies, and shorter rainy seasons. This puts a lot of pressure on the water available for people, farming, and nature. To fight this, the government and partners like the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are working on projects to help communities adapt. These projects include planting trees to protect watersheds, using drip irrigation to save water, recycling water, and building small dams to hold rainwater. These efforts help people use water better and protect the land from drying out.

Environmental Education and Youth Engagement in Water Issues

Education plays a key role in helping Cabo Verdeans understand and protect their scarce water resources. From early grades, students learn about water, health, energy, and the environment through science manuals. The government supports environmental education programs, which works with schools to raise awareness about climate change and water conservation. Higher education institutions such as the Technical University of the Atlantic and the Institute of the Sea train young people in marine ecology and sustainable water management. These efforts help build a generation that values water and knows how to use it wisely. NGOs also run workshops and activities to engage youth and communities in protecting water sources and adapting to climate challenges.

Desalination: Turning Seawater into Freshwater

The most important way Cabo Verde gets water is through desalination. This is a process that removes salt and other impurities from seawater to make it drinkable. Since the islands are surrounded by the ocean, desalination is a smart solution.

The main technology used is called reverse osmosis. In this process, seawater is pushed through special filters that trap salt and dirt, leaving clean water behind. Cabo Verde has several desalination plants, including big ones on the islands of Sal, Praia, and San Vicente. These plants provide water to thousands of people and help support the tourism industry, which is very important for the country’s economy.

For example, the Praia plant can produce 5,000 cubic meters of water per day, serving both residents and tourists. The San Vicente plant is even larger, providing water for about 40,000 people on the island.

Water Distribution and Access

Once the water is made clean, it is sent through pipes to homes and businesses in cities like Praia, the capital. In urban areas, many people have access to tap water that runs 24 hours a day. But in rural areas and smaller towns, the water system is not as strong. Some families must rely on community fountains or buy water from trucks, which can be expensive.

Poor families often face the biggest challenges. Many cannot afford to connect to the water network or pay the monthly bills. For them, getting water means walking long distances to public taps or buying water from private sellers at high prices. This situation especially affects women and children, who spend hours each week collecting water instead of going to school or work.

Community-Based Water Management and Women’s Empowerment

Water management in Cabo Verde is increasingly involving local communities, especially women, who are often the main water users and farmers. Projects like the Picos and Engenhos Watershed Management on Santiago Island have built irrigation systems, wells, and reservoirs that save women from walking long distances to fetch water. These projects also provide vocational training in farming and water management, helping women improve their incomes and livelihoods. Women’s cooperatives now sell a greater variety of fruits and vegetables, boosting local markets and education opportunities for their children. Community-based management ensures water resources are used fairly and sustainably, giving people a stronger voice in protecting their environment.

Farming and Water-Saving Techniques

Farming in Cabo Verde is very hard because of the dry climate. Farmers use special methods to save water and grow food even when it rains little. One important method is intercropping, where farmers plant different crops and trees together. This helps the soil keep moisture and stops it from washing away. Farmers also use mulching, covering the soil with leaves or plant material to keep water in the ground longer. About 45% of the land that is irrigated uses drip irrigation, which gives water directly to the plants’ roots and wastes less water. These smart farming methods help farmers grow more food with less water and protect the soil from damage.

Soil and Water Conservation Strategies

Because Cabo Verde’s land is steep and dry, soil erosion is a big problem. Over the years, the government has built many soil and water conservation structures like terraces, check dams, and rock walls. These structures slow down rainwater runoff, help it soak into the soil, and stop soil from washing away. They also plant drought-resistant trees and plants to hold the soil together. These conservation efforts have helped improve crop yields and made farming more sustainable. They also protect the environment by reducing land degradation and desertification.

Sanitation and Wastewater Treatment

Water is not just about drinking; it’s also about sanitation – having toilets and clean places to wash. Cabo Verde has been working hard to improve sanitation, but many people still lack proper toilets and sewer systems, especially in rural areas. This can lead to health problems like waterborne diseases.

To help, the government and international partners have built wastewater treatment plants, especially on the island of Sal. These plants clean used water before it goes back into the environment, protecting beaches and the ocean. Cleaner beaches help tourism, which is very important for the islands’ economy. For example, the Oasis Atlantic Group, which runs hotels on Sal, supports these efforts because clean beaches attract more visitors.

Water Reuse and Recycling

Cabo Verde is also exploring ways to reuse water safely. A pilot project showed that treated wastewater from water plants can be reused for farming and other uses without harming people or the environment. This helps save fresh water for drinking and household use. Recycling water is important because it reduces the demand on limited freshwater sources and helps the islands manage their water better. Companies and projects supporting water reuse, contribute to making water use more efficient and sustainable.

The Role of NGOs Like Aqua Maya

NGOs such as Aqua Maya play a role in providing water solutions in Cabo Verde. They help by supplying water treatment systems and supporting the infrastructure needed to keep water clean and safe. Their work complements government efforts and helps ensure that more people can have access to reliable water.

Challenges and the Future

Despite these efforts, Cabo Verde still faces many water challenges. Desalination is expensive because it uses a lot of energy, and the country must import fuel to power the plants. Droughts and population growth put more pressure on the water supply. Also, many people still lack access to clean water and sanitation, especially in poorer and rural communities.

To improve, Cabo Verde is investing in better water management, expanding desalination capacity, and improving sanitation networks. International support, such as from the Millennium Challenge Corporation, helps fund projects that bring water and toilets to thousands of families.

What Life Is Like Without Easy Water Access

For many Cabo Verdeans, water is not something to take for granted. Some families use only about 24 liters of water per person each day – much less than the global average. This means they must be very careful with how they use water. Women and children often carry heavy buckets from distant fountains, making daily life harder.

Conclusion

Water in Cabo Verde is precious and hard to get. The islands rely on modern technology like desalination to turn seawater into fresh water. While cities have better water access, many people still face challenges getting enough clean water and proper sanitation. Efforts by the government, international groups, like Aqua Maya are helping to improve the situation. As Cabo Verde continues to grow, ensuring everyone has clean water will be key to a healthy and thriving island life.

Sources

1. https://meetcaboverde.com/tap-water-quality-in-cape-verde/

2. https://chunkewatertreatment.com/water-treatment-in-cape-verde-with-reverse-osmosis/

3. https://pureaqua.com/reverse-osmosis-water-treatment-in-cape-verde/

4. https://reliefweb.int/report/cabo-verde/how-water-and-sanitation-bring-dignity-cabo-verdeans

5. https://www.mcc.gov/resources/story/section-cvii-star-report-water-project/

6. https://www.mcc.gov/blog/entry/blog-032117-empowering-cabo-verde-sanitation/

7. https://borgenproject.org/sanitation-in-cape-verde/

8. https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/soil-and-water-conservation-strategies-in-cape-verde-cabo-verde-i

9. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/4/1/22

10. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/2/160

Why Clean Water Is Important in The Gambia

In The Gambia, many people live in villages where clean water is hard to find. Often, water comes from rivers or wells that are not safe to drink from because they can have germs and dirt. Drinking unsafe water can cause sickness like diarrhea, which is especially dangerous for children. Clean water is needed not only for drinking but also for cooking, washing, and farming. Without it, people’s health, education, and work suffer.

The Gambia River is very important to the country. It helps fishermen catch fish and farmers grow crops like peanuts and rice. Water is also part of many celebrations and daily life. But even though the river is a big water source, the water people drink needs to be clean and safe to avoid illness.

Current State of Water Access in The Gambia

While progress has been made, many people in The Gambia still lack easy access to safe water. For example, as of 2022, about 67.8% of people in cities have access to improved drinking water sources, while around 85.65% of all people in the country use at least basic drinking water services. However, only about 47.67% of Gambians have access to safely managed drinking water, which means water that is clean, available at their homes, and free from dirt and germs. These numbers show that even though some improvements have happened, there is still a lot of work to do, especially in areas far from cities.

What Challenges Does The Gambia Face?

Many parts of The Gambia still lack good water systems. Pipes and wells are old and sometimes broken. Water can get dirty because of leaks in pipes or because wells are too close to dirty places like latrines. Sometimes, people have to walk long distances to get water, which takes time and energy, especially for children and women.

The government has been working to fix these problems, but it needs help. This is where NGOs like Aqua Maya come in. They bring money, knowledge, and tools to help communities get better water.

Challenges of Water Scarcity and Pollution in The Gambia

The Gambia also faces problems with water not being enough in some places and water getting dirty. For example, water can become contaminated from poor sanitation, waste from factories, and chemicals used in farming. Changes in the weather, like less rain, and more people needing water put extra pressure on the water sources. These challenges make the work of NGOs even more important because they help find lasting ways to get clean water and protect it from pollution.

How Aqua Maya and Other NGOs Are Helping

Aqua Maya is a US based not for profit charity that focuses on bringing clean water to local communities in West Africa and The Gambia falls into this category. They can do this by building big communal taps where many people can come together to get clean water safely. These taps are designed to keep water clean and safe from dirt and germs. This helps reduce sickness in the villages.

Besides building taps, Aqua Maya and other NGOs also:

•   Repair old hand pumps and wells to make sure they work well and don’t get contaminated.

•   Dig new wells far from dirty areas to get cleaner water.

•   Train local people to take care of the water systems so they last longer.

•   Work with the government and other groups like UNICEF to improve water quality and access.

•   Teach communities about hygiene and why clean water is important for health.

For example, the Gambia Lifewater Project has helped fix many old hand pumps and trained local mechanics to keep them working. This has helped over 13,000 people get better water, and they plan to help even more.

The Role of Technology and Innovation in Water Access

New technologies are playing a big part in improving water access. Many projects are now using solar-powered water pumps to bring water from deep underground to communities. These pumps use the sun’s energy, which means they don’t need electricity from a power grid, making them great for remote villages. The FAO, for instance, has set up 34 solar-powered water systems to help irrigate community vegetable gardens and provide water for animals across The Gambia, benefiting over 6,600 people, mostly women. These systems often include filters to make the water even cleaner for drinking. One solar-powered well helped farmers like Jammeh double their onion harvest, making their lives easier. The Ministry of Petroleum and Energy and the Ministry of Agriculture have also installed solar-powered water pumping systems in Wassadou and Siffoe women’s community gardens with support from the International Solar Alliance.

Economic Costs of Poor Water and Sanitation in The Gambia

Poor water and sanitation have a heavy cost on The Gambia’s economy and people’s well-being. A report estimated that the country loses around 638 million Dalasi (about US$24 million) each year, equivalent to 1.2% of its annual GDP, due to health problems, and lost productivity. This includes money spent treating illnesses caused by unsafe water and sanitation, as well as the economic impact when people are too sick to work or care for family members. Improving water and sanitation services not only saves lives but also boosts the economy by reducing these losses. The government and NGOs recognize that investing in clean water and sanitation is a smart choice that benefits everyone, especially vulnerable groups like children and women.

The Impact of Clean Water Access

When people get clean water, their lives improve in many ways:

•   Health: Fewer people get sick from waterborne diseases like diarrhea and cholera.

•   Education: Children, especially girls, spend less time fetching water and more time in school.

•   Economy: Farmers can grow more food, and families save money on medical bills.

•   Community: Clean water taps become places where people meet and support each other.

How Communities Are Involved

A key part of these projects is involving local people. NGOs train village members to maintain the wells and taps. This makes sure the water systems keep working for many years. It also gives the community a sense of ownership and pride.

A typical example is what an NGO called AQUA PEARLS Foundation is doing. They train villagers to repair and monitor wells. This helps make the water supply sustainable, meaning it will last and keep helping people in the future.

The Role of Women in Water Management and Community Health

In many Gambian communities, women play a central role in managing water for their families. They often bear the responsibility of fetching water, caring for children, and maintaining household hygiene. NGOs recognize this and actively involve women in water projects. By training women to operate and maintain water points, and by including them in decision-making, these programs empower women and improve community health. When women lead water management, water systems tend to be better cared for and used more effectively. This also helps women gain skills and confidence, contributing to gender equality and stronger communities overall.

The Importance of Hygiene and Sanitation Education

Having clean water is very important, but so is knowing how to use it safely and keep things clean. NGOs also teach communities about good hygiene practices, such as washing hands properly and keeping water safe once it’s collected. For instance, building separate toilets for boys and girls in schools helps make sure girls stay in school more often and improves overall health. Teaching about hygiene and sanitation helps reduce the spread of diseases from dirty water and makes sure that people use the new water sources in a healthy way.

National and Regional Water Goals and Partnerships

In order not to lean solely on NGOs, The Gambia is also working towards bigger goals for water. The country is committed to national and regional goals, like the African Water Vision 2025 which aims for fair and lasting use of water across Africa. There are many partnerships between the government, NGOs, and international groups to improve water systems and services.

For example, the Water for Everyone Initiative aimed to make sure everyone had access to clean water by 2023 through teamwork and funding. These partnerships bring more resources and help reach more people, showing a shared effort to solve water challenges in The Gambia.

Conclusion

Clean water is a basic need and a human right. In The Gambia, many people have lacked access to safe water for a long time. NGOs are helping to change that by building taps, fixing wells, training locals, and working with the government. Their work is making a big difference in health, education, and daily life. With continued support and teamwork, The Gambia can move closer to a future where everyone has clean water to drink and use safely.

This article shows how important clean water is and how Aqua Maya and similar groups are helping The Gambia get better water access, making life healthier and happier for many people.

Sources

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2. https://www.fao.org/newsroom/story/No-ordinary-irrigation-in-the-Gambia/en

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