Why Water Scarcity Is a Big Issue in Rural Mauritania

Mauritania’s landscape is mostly sand and rock, with little water to go around. Cities like Nouakchott have piped water, though it’s not always reliable. Rural villages, however, often have no pipes at all. People depend on wells, boreholes, or small ponds that fill during rare rains. These sources can dry up, get contaminated, or be too far away to reach easily. Add climate change, longer droughts and unpredictable rains, and the problem gets worse.

For families in rural areas, getting water takes hours. Women and children often carry heavy jugs across rough terrain, leaving less time for school, work, or rest. When the water isn’t clean, it can cause illnesses like diarrhea, which hits kids especially hard. Solving water scarcity isn’t just about finding water; it’s about making sure it’s safe and close by.

How Water Scarcity Affects Daily Life

Lack of water touches every part of life in rural Mauritania. Without enough clean water, families struggle to stay healthy. Dirty water spreads diseases and kids miss school when they’re sick or fetching water. Adults can’t work as much when they’re tired from long walks or caring for sick family members. It’s a tough cycle to break.

Farming is another challenge. Most rural families grow crops or raise animals to survive, but water shortages mean smaller harvests and weaker livestock. This leads to less food and money, making life even harder. Not-for-profit charities like Aqua Maya are gearing up to break this cycle by planning reliable water sources for villages, which could help families thrive.

Solutions That Are Working

Tackling water scarcity in a desert is tough, but there are solutions making a real difference in Mauritania’s rural communities. Here are some of the most effective ones.

1. Solar-Powered Wells

Digging a well is a start, but keeping it running can be tricky without power. Solar-powered wells solve this by using Mauritania’s abundant sunlight to pump water from deep underground. These wells are reliable and don’t need fuel, which is hard to get in remote areas. In villages near Ayoun el Atrous, solar-powered wells have brought water closer to homes. They’re built with durable parts and maintained by trained locals, ensuring water flows for years. It’s a smart way to use the desert’s own resources to solve a big problem.

2. Rainwater Harvesting

Rain is rare in Mauritania, but when it comes, it’s a precious resource. Rainwater harvesting systems collect rain in tanks or underground reservoirs for use during dry months. These setups are simple, affordable, and perfect for rural villages. It’s a low-tech solution with a big impact.

3. Repairing Existing Wells

Many villages have wells that stopped working years ago due to broken pumps or contamination. Fixing these is often cheaper than building new ones. Projects in rural areas work with communities to repair wells, clean them out, and make sure the water is safe. They also teach locals how to spot and fix small problems before they become big ones. This approach brings water back to villages without starting from scratch.

4. Teaching Water Management

Access to water is only half the battle – using it wisely is key. Programs that teach families how to store water safely, purify it, or use it efficiently for farming are making a difference. For example, some villages have learned drip irrigation: a method that waters crops with less waste. These skills help communities make the most of every drop, especially in dry times.

Aqua Maya’s Plans to Help

Aqua Maya, a new NGO from the U.S., is committed to bringing clean water to rural communities in places like Mauritania. They’re in the early stages, with projects in development that are set to launch soon. Their approach focuses on working closely with locals to design solutions that fit each community’s needs. For example, Aqua Maya is planning to introduce solar-powered wells and rainwater harvesting systems in underserved villages, aiming to provide reliable water sources that last.

What sets Aqua Maya apart is their emphasis on sustainability. They’re designing projects with durable equipment suited for Mauritania’s harsh desert conditions and plan to train villagers to maintain these systems. This ensures communities can keep their water flowing long after the initial setup. As they prepare to roll out these initiatives, their work promises to bring clean water closer to families, freeing up time for education, work, and healthier lives.

Challenges That Remain

Water scarcity is a tough problem, and it won’t be solved overnight. Funding is a big hurdle – building wells or harvesting systems costs money, and remote villages often miss out on aid. The desert environment makes things harder too. Drilling through rock or finding deep water sources is expensive and time-consuming.

Climate change adds another layer. Rising temperatures and longer droughts make water sources less reliable, while heavy rains can damage wells or contaminate water. Reports show Mauritania’s climate is changing faster than many places, which complicates planning for water access.

Maintenance is also an issue. A well can work perfectly at first, but without maintenance, it can become useless. That’s why training locals is so important – it empowers communities to take charge of their water supply.

The Role of Government and Partnerships

Mauritania’s government is working to address water scarcity, but the challenge is huge. The Ministry of Hydraulics and Sanitation has plans to expand rural water access through new wells and better infrastructure. However, limited budgets and the country’s vast size make it hard to reach every village. Partnerships with NGOs and international groups are key to filling the gap.

These collaborations bring in funding, expertise, and technology. For example, some projects combine government resources with NGO efforts to build solar-powered wells or repair old systems. Aqua Maya aims to join these partnerships, working with local authorities to ensure their upcoming projects align with national goals. By pooling resources, these efforts can reach more communities and create lasting change. Strong coordination is essential to avoid overlap and make every dollar count.

Technology’s Growing Impact

New tools are helping fight water scarcity in Mauritania’s rural areas. Beyond solar wells, innovations like mobile water purifiers are gaining traction. These portable devices can clean water on the spot, making it safe to drink even in remote villages. They’re especially useful during floods, when water sources get contaminated.

Another exciting development is satellite mapping. This technology helps find underground water sources, saving time and money on drilling. Some projects are also testing smart sensors that monitor well performance, alerting communities to problems before they worsen. While these tools are still new, they show promise for making water access more reliable. As Aqua Maya prepares its projects, incorporating such technologies could boost their impact, especially in hard-to-reach areas.

Community Involvement Is Key

Water projects work best when communities are involved. Locals know their land, needs, and challenges better than anyone. Engaging them from the start ensures solutions fit the village’s reality. For example, community members can help choose well locations or decide how to manage water during dry seasons.

Training is a big part of this. Teaching people to maintain wells or harvesting systems means they don’t need to rely on outsiders for fixes. It also builds pride and ownership. Some programs involve women in decision-making, recognizing their role in water collection. When communities take charge, water solutions last longer and make a deeper difference.

How You Can Get Involved

Water scarcity is a heavy topic, but there are ways to help. Supporting organizations like Aqua Maya is a great place to start. Donations can fund wells, repairs, and training as their projects go underway. If giving money isn’t an option, sharing this post or talking about water issues with others can raise awareness. Learning more about Mauritania’s challenges and supporting policies for clean water access also makes a difference.

If you ever visit Mauritania, seeing a rural community’s water situation firsthand (safely, of course) can be eye-opening. Every step counts – whether it’s a donation, a conversation, or a shared post.

A Future with More Water

A Mauritania where every village has clean water nearby is a big goal, but it’s within reach. Solar wells, rainwater systems, and community training are already showing what’s possible. With organizations like Aqua Maya preparing to launch their projects, rural communities are poised for progress. The key is keeping solutions sustainable and involving locals every step of the way.

Water scarcity in Mauritania’s rural areas is a real challenge, but it’s not impossible to overcome. By focusing on practical, long-lasting solutions, we can ensure families have the water they need to live healthier, fuller lives. Let’s keep the momentum going for a future where clean water is a reality for everyone.

Sources

1. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/world-water-day-2023-accelerating-change-solving-africas-water-and-sanitation-crises-59935

2. https://www.unicef.org/mauritania/recits/nouha-ethmane-et-djeinaba

3. https://wateractionhub.org/geos/country/139/d/mauritania/

4. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/mauritania-on-track-to-beating-drinking-water-shortages-18743

5. https://borgenproject.org/water-quality-in-mauritania/

6. https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/825511629388966252/pdf/Mauritania-Sustainable-Landscape-Management-Project.pdf

7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374771970_RAINWATER_HARVESTING_IN_ARID_AND_SEMI-ARID_LANDS_OF_AFRICA_CHALLENGES_AND_OPPORTUNITIES

Solar-powered pumps are changing this situation. These pumps use energy from the sun to pull water from underground, providing a steady supply of clean water. They are becoming a game-changer for rural areas, making life easier for families, farmers, and schools.

The Water Crisis in Rural Togo

Many villages in Togo do not have easy access to safe drinking water. Some rely on rivers and lakes, but these can be dirty or dry up in certain seasons. Others depend on traditional wells, but fetching water manually takes a lot of time and effort.

The main problems include:

• Long distances – Many women and children spend hours fetching water.
• Dirty water – Some water sources are contaminated, causing diseases like cholera and diarrhea.
• Unreliable supply – During the dry season, wells and streams dry up, leaving people without water.

This lack of water affects health, education, and farming. But solar-powered pumps are helping to fix these problems.

How Solar-Powered Pumps Work

Solar-powered pumps use energy from the sun to move water from underground to storage tanks or directly to homes and farms. Here’s how they work:

1. Solar panels collect sunlight and turn it into electricity.
2. The electricity powers a pump that pulls water from a well or borehole.
3. Water is stored in large tanks or sent through pipes to where it is needed.

These pumps work even in remote areas because they don’t need fuel or electricity from a power grid. As long as there is sunlight, the pump can run.

Benefits of Solar-Powered Pumps

Solar pumps are changing the way rural communities in Togo get water. The key benefits include:

• Reliable water supply – Unlike hand pumps, solar-powered pumps work throughout the day and provide a steady flow of water.
• Less effort needed – People no longer have to carry heavy buckets of water over long distances.
• Better health – Clean water reduces the risk of waterborne diseases.
• Helps farmers – Farmers can now water their crops more easily, leading to better harvests.
• Eco-friendly – Solar energy does not cause pollution, unlike fuel-powered pumps.

Because of these benefits, solar-powered pumps are being installed in more villages, bringing hope to people who have struggled with water shortages for years.

How Solar-Powered Pumps Are Changing Lives

Solar-powered pumps are making life easier for people in rural Togo, especially in villages where clean water is hard to find. Before these pumps, families had to walk long distances to fetch water from rivers or wells, often using unsafe water that made them sick. Now, with solar-powered pumps, clean water flows closer to homes, saving time and improving health.

In many villages, children, especially girls, used to spend hours fetching water instead of going to school. With solar-powered pumps, they have more time for education and play. Women also benefit because they no longer have to carry heavy water containers over long distances. Instead, they can focus on farming or small businesses, improving their family’s income.

Health has also improved because cleaner water means fewer diseases, like diarrhea and cholera. Hospitals and clinics in rural areas now have better water access, which helps with hygiene and patient care. These pumps are changing lives by bringing safety, education, and economic growth to rural communities.

Government and NGO Efforts to Expand Solar Water Solutions

The government of Togo, along with NGOs, is working to expand the use of solar-powered pumps in rural areas. Many of these projects are funded by international organizations and local charities that want to improve clean water access.

One of the leading NGOs in this effort is Aqua Maya, a public charity focused on providing safe and clean water to underserved communities in West Africa. Aqua Maya is helping to install solar-powered pumps in villages that lack reliable water sources. Their goal is to reduce waterborne diseases and ensure that people, especially children, have access to clean water for drinking and hygiene.

The Togolese government has also introduced policies to support renewable energy for water access. Some projects receive funding from partnerships with foreign countries and organizations that promote clean energy and water safety. However, there is still a need for more investment to bring these solutions to every village that needs them.

Challenges of Implementing Solar-Powered Pumps

While solar-powered pumps are a great solution for water access in rural Togo, there are some challenges that make it difficult to install and maintain them. These include:

1. High Initial Costs

• Solar-powered pumps require a lot of money to buy and install.

• Many rural communities cannot afford them without help from NGOs or the government.

2. Funding Difficulties

• Even though the pumps save money in the long run, finding money for new projects is hard.

• Some projects start but do not finish because of a lack of funds.

3. Technical Challenges

• The pumps need proper installation and regular maintenance to work well.

• In some areas, there are no trained technicians to repair them when they break down.

4. Weather-Related Concerns

• Since the pumps rely on sunlight, they may not work as well on cloudy or rainy days.

• In areas with long rainy seasons, water supply could be affected.

5. Lack of Community Training

• Some communities do not receive enough training on how to take care of the pumps.

• Without proper knowledge, misuse or lack of maintenance can cause the system to fail.

6. Theft and Vandalism

• Solar panels and pump parts can be stolen or damaged if security measures are not in place.

• Some villages struggle to protect the systems from theft.

Even with these challenges, many organizations, including Aqua Maya, are working to solve these issues by providing funding, training local technicians, and raising awareness about protecting solar water systems.

The Future of Solar-Powered Water Systems in Togo

The future looks promising for solar-powered water pumps in Togo. With growing support from NGOs, the government, and private donors, more villages are expected to get access to clean water through solar technology.

New technologies are also making solar water systems more efficient. Advances in solar panel designs allow pumps to work better even on cloudy days. Some companies are developing smart monitoring systems that can detect issues early and send alerts when repairs are needed, reducing downtime.

There is also a push for scaling up these projects nationwide. More funding from international donors and businesses can help expand solar-powered water access across rural Togo. If these efforts continue, solar-powered pumps could one day provide clean water to every village in need, making water scarcity a thing of the past.

How Local Communities Can Support and Sustain Solar Water Projects

For solar-powered water pumps to keep working in the long run, local communities must play an active role in maintaining and managing them. Here are some ways they can help:

1. Community Involvement in Maintenance

When a village gets a solar-powered pump, the people must take responsibility for keeping it in good condition. This means forming water committees where selected community members monitor the system, report issues, and ensure the pump is used correctly. These committees can work with NGOs and the government to get repairs done quickly when needed.

2. Training Local Technicians

One of the biggest challenges with solar-powered pumps is that when they break down, there are not always skilled workers available to fix them. To solve this, training local technicians is important. When repairs can be done locally, downtime is reduced, and water access remains steady.

3. Raising Funds for Sustainability

Although solar-powered pumps are cheaper to run than fuel-powered systems, they still require money for occasional repairs and replacements. Villages can create community savings groups where each household contributes a small amount to a maintenance fund. This money can be used for repairs or upgrading the system when needed.

Some communities also work with local businesses or agricultural groups to raise funds. For example, farmers who benefit from the pumps for irrigation can contribute a small fee to keep the system running.

4. Promoting Awareness and Responsible Water Use

Community members must also learn about responsible water use. This includes teaching people not to waste water, making sure children understand how to use the pump correctly, and preventing activities that could damage the system.

When communities take ownership of these projects, they are more likely to last for many years, providing clean water for future generations.

Conclusion

Solar-powered water pumps are changing the way people in rural Togo access clean water. By using energy from the sun, these pumps provide a steady supply of safe water without relying on expensive fuel or manual labor. They have reduced the need for long, tiring walks to fetch water and have improved health and sanitation in many villages.

However, challenges such as high initial costs, technical maintenance, and weather-related issues still exist. To keep these projects running, it is important for communities, NGOs, and the government to work together. Organizations like Aqua Maya are playing a big role in making clean water more accessible, by funding projects and training local people to maintain the systems.

With continued investment and support, solar-powered pumps can become a long-term solution for clean water access in rural Togo. More communities can benefit and fewer people will have to worry about getting sick from unsafe water. By working together, we can ensure that every village in Togo has a reliable source of clean water for years to come.

Sources

1. https://www.unicef.org/wash

2. https://www.grundfos.com/us/about-us/cases/free-energy-from-the-sun-brings-relief-in-togo

3. https://www.afdb.org/en/success-stories/togo-solar-energy-raises-quality-community-healthcare-and-opens-opportunities-small-scale-farmers-rural-areas-80291

4. https://www.togofirst.com/en/social/1501-15542-togo-allocates-cfa19-billion-to-water-supply-projects-in-2025

5. https://mapafrica.afdb.org/en/projects/46002-P-TG-FA0-012

What is The Gambia Like?

The Gambia is a small country surrounded by Senegal, except the border where it meets the Atlantic Ocean. A big river, called the Gambia River, flows through it. Many people visit because of the beaches, birds, and markets. The country is known as “The Smiling Coast of Africa” because the people are kind. When you’re there, you sure will need water to drink, as with anywhere else in the world, especially in the hot sun. But is the tap water okay to use?

Where Does Tap Water Come From?

In The Gambia, tap water comes from different places. Some of it is pulled from deep underground using boreholes, while other water comes from the Gambia River or is kept in large tanks. A company called NAWEC (National Water & Electricity Company) works to send water to homes, hotels, schools, etc. Though they try their best, the water isn’t always clean when it gets to the tap. 

Is Tap Water Clean Enough to Drink?

Is the tap water safe? Experts, like those from the CDC, say it’s usually not safe to drink straight from the tap. They warn that tiny germs or dirt might be in the water. These things are too small to see, but they can wreak havoc on one’s health. Cholera, diarrhea, typhoid fever, and so on, become the order of the day.

You can turn on the tap and the water looks clear, but it doesn’t guarantee its safety for consumption. According to UNICEF, in The Gambia, 90% of households have access to safe drinking water and 60% of the population has access to improved sanitation. Unfortunately, only 31% of households have a handwashing facility, and 73% of households are at risk of Escherichia coli (E. coli) fecal contamination. These are all indicators of the poor water quality in The Gambia. 

Why Does Water Get Dirty?

How does water become unclean? There are a few reasons. First, the pipes that carry water can be old or broken. If they crack, dirt or germs from the ground mix in. Second, some people dig wells near their homes. If these wells are close to toilets or trash, the water gets dirty. Third, the Gambia River can have pollution from farms, towns, or boats, making the water risky.

In cities like Banjul or Bakau, tap water might be a little cleaner because it’s checked sometimes. In villages, however, water often comes from tanks or shallow wells, which are harder to keep clean. When it rains a lot, water can get even dirtier because mud washes into it. These problems make clean tap water a challenge.

What Do People Say About Tap Water?

What do people who’ve been to The Gambia think? Looking at what travelers say online, some claimed, “I used tap water to brush my teeth and didn’t get sick.” Others wrote, “I drank it once and felt bad after.” Some locals drink it every day and say it’s fine for them, but most visitors don’t take the chance – they use bottled water instead.

Locals have ways to handle the water. Some boil it to kill germs, while others buy water in bottles or plastic bags from stores. People find solutions, but many don’t trust the tap water completely.

Can You Make Tap Water Safe?

There are ways to make tap water safe to drink. Here are some simple ideas:

1. Boil It: Heat the water until it bubbles for one minute. This kills most germs.
2. Filter It: Use a water filter to catch dirt and germs. You can buy one or bring it with you.
3. Add Tablets: Put a water-purifying tablet in your cup. Wait 30 minutes, and the water gets clean.
4. Buy Bottled Water: This is an easy choice. Bottled water is sold all over The Gambia.

Boiling works well if you’re cooking or camping, while filters are good for longer stays. Tablets are handy for travel, and bottled water is the fastest option – just make sure the bottle’s seal is tight so it’s guaranteed to be clean.

What Happens If You Drink Bad Water?

If you drink unclean tap water or another source of drinking water that is unclean, you may very likely come down with an illness. Your stomach could hurt, and you might need to use the bathroom a lot.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), absent, inadequate, or inappropriately managed water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks. This can be harder for kids or older people, so it’s important to be careful.

Most of the time, feeling sick only lasts a few days – could be a day or two. But if you’re visiting, you don’t want to spend your trip unwell. Using safe water helps you avoid this problem and enjoy your time.

Tap Water vs. Bottled Water

Should you use tap water or bottled water? Bottled water is cleaner because companies check it and seal it. But sometimes, bottled water is just tap water that has been cleaned a bit more. Also, plastic bottles can pile up as trash, which isn’t good for the earth.

Tap water costs less and doesn’t make waste, but you have to clean it yourself. If you live in The Gambia, boiling or filtering tap water could save money over time. For a short trip, bottled water is easier and safer. It’s up to you which one you pick.

How Are They Fixing the Water Problem?

People in The Gambia are working to make water better. The government is teaming up with groups like UNICEF to fix things. They’re repairing old pipes so leaks don’t let dirt in and digging new wells that are farther from dirty places. In some areas, they test the water to make sure it’s getting cleaner.

Villages are getting help too. For instance, well meaning not-for-profit charities like Aqua Maya are swinging into action to ensure local communities are not left out. Some villages now have access to clean water through big communal taps, where everyone can get water together. These taps are built to keep the water safe. It takes time and money, but they’re making progress. Cleaner water means fewer people get sick, which is a big goal.

Fun Ways Water Shapes Life There

Water isn’t just for drinking in The Gambia – it’s part of life. The Gambia River helps people in many ways. Fishermen catch fish from it to eat or sell and farmers use water to grow crops like peanuts and rice, which feed families. In some villages, kids carry water in buckets on their heads to bring it home, which is fun for them as long as they’re not walking long distances to go fetch that water.

The river is also special for celebrations. During festivals, people gather near it to sing or pray. Water connects everyone, from daily chores to big events. Even though tap water has problems, the river shows how important water is to the country.

More About Staying Healthy with Water

Staying healthy in The Gambia means thinking about water all the time. If you’re traveling, bring a bottle or a filter so you’re ready. Wash your hands with clean water before eating because germs can spread that way too. If you’re cooking, make sure the water is safe for cooking.

Hotels might say their tap water is fine, but it’s smart to check. Ask locals what they do, because they know best. Keeping water clean isn’t just about drinking – it’s about everything you do. A little planning keeps you strong and ready to explore.

Why Clean Water Matters Everywhere

This isn’t just a Gambia thing – clean water matters all over the world. When water isn’t safe, people get sick, which forces kids to miss school and leaves workers unable to work. In The Gambia, dirty water causes problems, like diarrhea, every year. Fixing this helps everyone live better lives.

Countries like The Gambia are working hard, but they need support. Aqua Maya has risen to the occasion, and so have some other non-governmental organizations (NGOs). We can help too, by supporting these NGOs with monetary donations and offering voluntary services where we can. It’s a big job, and every step makes a difference.

What’s the Final Answer?

So, is it safe to drink tap water in The Gambia? Most experts say no, not right from the tap, as it might have germs that make you sick even if it looks okay. To be safe, boil it, filter it, or use bottled water. Many people do this every day, and it keeps them well.

The Gambia is a wonderful place with so much to see: beaches, rivers, and kind people. You don’t want water to ruin your trip. By using clean water, you can enjoy everything without worry. 

What do you think? Would you try the tap water, or stick to something safer? Either way, stay healthy and have a great time!

Sources 

1. https://www.cdc.gov/drinking-water/prevention/water-treatment-hiking-camping-traveling.html

2. https://www.unicef.org/gambia/water-sanitation-and-hygiene

3. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water

The people carrying this heavy responsibility are mostly women and girls. It’s a task that takes up several hours each day and affects almost every part of their lives. So when villages gain better water access, it does more than quench thirst – it changes futures.

This article explores how water access shapes the lives of women in Mauritania’s villages and why it’s a powerful step toward building stronger, healthier communities.

The Burden of Water Collection on Women and Girls

In Mauritanian villages, collecting water isn’t just a simple chore – it’s a demanding job that falls mainly on women and girls. According to UNICEF, women and girls spend 200 million hours collecting water everyday.

These journeys aren’t only tiring but also risky. Women often have to carry heavy containers on their heads or backs, sometimes over rough, dry terrain. Girls, specifically, miss out on school because of this daily duty, limiting their chances for education and personal growth.

Besides the physical strain, it affects families financially. Time spent fetching water is time lost for farming, small trading, or other activities that could support the household. The burden of water collection keeps many families, especially women, stuck in a cycle of poverty.

How Water Access Changes Lives

When clean water is made available close to home, everything starts to shift. Girls who once spent hours fetching water can go to school and focus on their education. Women, freed from long treks for water, can take up small businesses, learn new skills, or simply rest and care for their families better.

Local water points, like wells or boreholes, also mean better health for everyone. Families no longer have to rely on dirty, unsafe water from far-off sources. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), access to safe water reduces waterborne diseases like diarrhea and cholera, which are major health risks in Mauritania.

The ripple effect of better water access is powerful. It brings more opportunities for women, improves the well-being of children, and helps entire communities grow stronger.

The Link Between Water, Health, and Gender Equality

Water access isn’t just about quenching thirst – it’s closely tied to health and fairness in daily life. In Mauritania, where women are typically the caregivers, poor water quality and limited access increase their workload even more. When a family member falls sick from drinking unsafe water, it’s often the women who step in to care for them.

Safe, nearby water means fewer illnesses, which means women can use their time for other important things, like earning income, participating in community meetings, or simply spending time with their families. This shift helps challenge the idea that a woman’s place is only in the home or fields.

As women’s responsibilities shift from survival to development, their voices grow stronger in decision-making – both in their families and in the wider community. It’s one of the ways water access quietly supports gender equality.

Education: A Ripple Effect of Water Access

When girls are no longer burdened with the task of fetching water for hours, they get the chance to stay in school. In Mauritania, this simple shift can change a girl’s future. According to UNESCO, every additional year of schooling for girls increases their potential income and reduces the risk of early marriage.

Clean, nearby water means schools can have safe drinking water and functioning toilets, making it easier and safer for girls to stay in class – especially once they reach adolescence. Water access helps keep doors open for girls to dream bigger and learn skills that benefit their families and communities.

Reducing Health Risks for Pregnant Women and Mothers

Pregnant women and mothers of young children are particularly vulnerable when clean water is scarce. Carrying heavy containers of water over long distances can lead to health complications during pregnancy. And when water is unsafe, it puts both mothers and babies at risk of diseases, like diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid.

By improving water access, villages can reduce these health risks. Safe water near the home ensures that pregnant women can stay healthier and new mothers can take better care of their babies without worrying about harmful waterborne diseases. This not only saves lives, but eases the emotional and physical strain many women silently endure.

Water Access and Women’s Economic Opportunities

When women are freed from long daily trips to fetch water, they gain something priceless: time. This extra time opens doors for them to start small businesses, join local markets, or learn new skills like tailoring, soap-making, or farming.

In some African communities, women have gone on to form cooperatives that produce and sell handmade products or farm produce – boosting family incomes and improving local economies. For Mauritania’s rural women, having reliable water nearby means they too can focus on income-generating activities that help break the cycle of poverty.

Community-Led Water Projects and Their Impact

One thing that makes water projects truly successful is community involvement, and that includes women. In places where women have a say in managing water points or leading committees, the projects tend to last longer and run better.

For example, in several African countries like Senegal and Mali, community-led water committees with active female members have seen reduced breakdown rates of wells and improved hygiene practices.

Mauritania has similar potential. When women are part of choosing where a well should be dug or how it should be maintained, those decisions reflect the real, daily needs of the people using the water.

Aqua Maya has some of projects of its own in the works. The plan is to focus on this kind of community-driven work in Mauritania’s villages – ensuring women have the opportunity to shape solutions that directly affect their lives.

Challenges to Overcome

Even with the promise of water access, challenges remain. Deep-rooted traditions often limit women’s roles in decision-making. In some places, it’s still unusual for a woman to lead a community project or speak up about public matters.

There’s also the issue of resources. Drilling wells and maintaining water systems cost money – something many rural villages don’t have. Even when NGOs step in, projects need to be maintained long after the digging is done, and without local skills or funding, many water points fall into disrepair.

But these obstacles aren’t impossible to overcome. They show the need for long-term, steady solutions that put communities, especially women, at the heart of every water project.

The Role of Men and Community Leaders

While water collection is largely a women’s responsibility, lasting change requires the involvement of men and community leaders. Shifting cultural expectations and ensuring women have a seat at the table takes collective effort.

Encouraging male leaders to support water projects that involve women helps challenge traditional roles and promote fairness. In communities where men actively back women-led projects, those projects often gain more respect and stability. Change becomes easier when the whole community values the role of women in managing shared resources.

Building Resilience Against Climate Challenges

Mauritania is one of the countries most affected by climate change in West Africa. Drought, desertification, and unpredictable rainfall make it even harder for rural families to find safe, steady water sources.

Improving water access through wells, boreholes, and rainwater harvesting helps villages build resilience against these harsh environmental changes. When water is available locally, women and their families don’t have to depend on unreliable rivers or seasonal ponds. Community water projects also allow people to store and manage water more wisely, better preparing them for dry seasons or sudden shortages.

Conclusion

Water is more than just a necessity – it’s the key to unlocking potential. In Mauritania, where women bear the brunt of water collection, access to clean, nearby water can be life-changing. It empowers women to reclaim their time, invest in their futures, and contribute to their communities in ways they never could before.

When women are given the opportunity to lead in water projects, when they have a say in the resources that shape their lives, the ripple effect is far-reaching. Health improves, education flourishes, and families find themselves on the path to greater well-being.

Though challenges remain, the future is hopeful. With more investment in sustainable, community-led solutions, we can pave the way for a new generation of women who are not only survivors, but leaders, champions, and changemakers.

Access to clean water is not just a basic need – it’s a catalyst for lasting change. When women are empowered with the time, health, and opportunities that water brings, they become the driving force for healthier, stronger communities. As Mauritania and other regions in West Africa work toward sustainable water solutions, we’re not just improving lives – we’re creating pathways for a brighter, more equitable future.

Sources

1. https://unowas.unmissions.org/unicef-provides-wash-services-improve-nutrition-and-health-status-communities-mauritania

2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4889070/

3. https://www.iied.org/global-water-initiative-senegal

4. https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/africa/mauritania

In this context, the future of water security in Mauritania depends heavily on innovation. New technologies, community-led initiatives, and sustainable practices are essential for ensuring that everyone, especially those in rural areas, has access to clean, safe water. This article explores the innovations that are helping shape Mauritania’s water future, as well as the challenges that need to be overcome to ensure water access for all.

The Current State of Water Security in Mauritania

Mauritania’s water resources are limited and the country has long struggled with water scarcity. The vast majority of the population relies on surface water sources like rivers and seasonal ponds, which are highly unreliable, especially in rural areas. In cities, people often rely on water trucks and vendors, leading to inflated prices for water and inconsistent supply.

The water supply system in Mauritania is also stretched thin. According to the World Bank, the country faces significant challenges in managing its water infrastructure, with many systems in rural areas outdated or insufficient. Climate change has made this problem even worse, with rising temperatures and irregular rainfall patterns threatening the already limited water supply. These issues are exacerbated by the spread of desertification and the encroaching Sahara Desert.

In short, Mauritania’s water security is precarious, and urgent action is needed to ensure that communities, particularly in the arid and rural regions, can access safe water reliably.

The Impact of Water Security on Health and Livelihoods

Water security isn’t just about having enough water – it directly affects people’s health, education, and livelihoods. In Mauritania, where water scarcity is a daily struggle, families often rely on unsafe water sources, exposing them to diseases like diarrhea, cholera, and other waterborne infections. According to UNICEF, lack of clean water and sanitation is a leading cause of illness, especially in children under five.

When water is scarce or unsafe, it also limits economic opportunities. Time spent fetching water, often several hours a day, reduces the time women and children can dedicate to school, farming, or running small businesses. In rural areas, unreliable water supplies mean farmers can’t grow crops consistently, which affects food security and income.

Improving water security would help break this cycle. Clean, reliable water would lead to healthier communities, better school attendance, increased productivity, and stronger local economies. It’s a critical foundation for sustainable development in Mauritania.

Emerging Technologies in Water Security

Fortunately, innovative technologies are offering new hope for improving water security in Mauritania. One promising solution is desalination: the process of turning seawater into fresh, drinkable water. As the country has a long coastline, desalination could provide a sustainable and abundant water source for coastal communities. Though still in early stages, desalination technology is gaining traction, with the potential to reduce Mauritania’s reliance on groundwater and surface water.

Another game-changing technology is solar-powered water pumps. These pumps are particularly suited for Mauritania, where sunlight is abundant but energy access can be inconsistent. By using solar energy to power water extraction systems, these pumps make it possible to bring water to remote communities without relying on expensive, unreliable energy sources. Some pilot projects in West Africa have already demonstrated the potential of this technology to improve water access in rural communities.

Additionally, smart water management systems are being tested worldwide, which use sensors and data analytics to monitor and manage water usage efficiently. These systems could help Mauritania optimize water distribution, reduce waste, and ensure that the available water is used most effectively. Technologies like these hold promise for creating a more sustainable and reliable water future for the country.

The Role of Renewable Energy in Water Solutions

In a country like Mauritania, where the sun shines almost every day of the year, renewable energy, especially solar power, plays a vital role in tackling water scarcity. Solar-powered water systems are becoming an increasingly practical way to provide clean water in places where electricity is scarce or unreliable.

Solar-powered wells and pumps can draw water from underground sources without the high costs of diesel or the limitations of grid power. These systems are especially helpful in rural areas where communities are often left out of larger infrastructure projects. The use of renewable energy makes these solutions not only eco-friendly, but also affordable and sustainable in the long run.

More than just pumping water, solar energy can also power small-scale water treatment units that help clean and purify water from local sources. By combining renewable energy with water projects, Mauritania can move closer to providing clean, reliable water to all its people while reducing dependence on costly fuels.

Community-Led Solutions and Local Innovation

While technology is important, the heart of lasting water solutions lies within the local communities themselves. In Mauritania, community-led projects are proving to be some of the most effective ways to improve water access. These projects often involve local leaders, women’s groups, and youth organizations working together to identify their community’s specific needs and develop solutions that work for them.

Rainwater harvesting, for example, is a simple but effective method some villages use to collect and store rainwater during the wet season for use in drier months. Village borehole projects managed by the community have also helped reduce the distance women and children have to travel to find clean water.

Local innovations like these are not only more sustainable, but also empower people to take ownership of their water resources. When communities manage their water, there’s a greater sense of responsibility and care for the systems, making them last longer and serve more people.

Challenges to Overcome

With promising innovations and committed communities, several obstacles still stand in the way of securing clean water for everyone in Mauritania. One major challenge is limited funding. Water projects, especially those involving new technology, require significant investment – something many rural communities and even governments in developing countries often lack.

Another difficulty is political instability and poor infrastructure, which can slow down or halt water initiatives. In remote areas, reaching communities with equipment, skilled labor, and follow-up support is not always easy. Maintaining systems once installed can also be a problem if spare parts or technical expertise aren’t available locally.

Lastly, while renewable energy and modern technology offer great potential, adapting these solutions to local conditions takes time, resources, and training. For innovations to truly succeed in Mauritania, there needs to be a strong focus on community education, ongoing support, and partnerships between governments, NGOs, and local leaders.

The Role of Aqua Maya in Promoting Water Security

As efforts to improve water access in Mauritania grow, NGOs play a huge role in supporting both new technologies and community-driven projects. Aqua Maya, a U.S.-based NGO, is part of this growing movement. Aqua Maya is committed to bringing safe, clean water to underserved communities across West Africa, with ongoing water projects in Mauritania.

The organization aims to support solutions that not only meet immediate water needs but also focus on long-term sustainability. By working closely with local communities and tapping into renewable energy options, like solar-powered water systems, Aqua Maya hopes to be part of the broader effort to secure clean water for Mauritania’s future.

The Future of Water Security in Mauritania

If the right steps are taken, the future of water security in Mauritania can be a hopeful one. With continued investment in desalination plants, solar-powered water systems, and community-led water management, the country has a real opportunity to turn its water challenges into long-term solutions.

Improved water security would mean more than just reliable water supply – it could lead to better health, economic opportunities, and equality, especially for women and children. Communities would no longer have to spend hours searching for water or settle for unsafe, contaminated sources. Instead, they could focus on education, work, and community development.

While the road ahead won’t be easy, the combination of technology, renewable energy, local innovation, and NGO support creates a solid path forward for Mauritania’s water future.

Conclusion

Mauritania’s fight for water security is about more than just pipes, pumps, and technology – it’s about people. It’s about mothers who no longer have to walk miles for water, children who can go to school instead of spending hours fetching it, and farmers who can grow food for their families because their fields aren’t dry.

The challenges are real, from climate change and limited infrastructure to funding gaps and health risks, but so are the solutions. Through innovations like desalination, solar-powered systems, and community-driven projects, Mauritania has the chance to rewrite its story.

Every drop of clean, safe water changes a life. And while it will take collaboration, creativity, and heart, a water-secure Mauritania is possible. The future is in the hands of its communities, leaders, and partners. With steady steps forward, there’s hope for a day when no one in Mauritania will have to wonder where their next drink of clean water will come from.

Sources

1. https://www.unicef.org/media/143626/file/Mauritania-Humanitarian-SitRep-Mid-Year-2023.pdf

2. https://www.alliance-sahel.org/en/projets-pdu/mauritania-sectoral-water-and-sanitation-project-psea/

3.  https://reliefweb.int/report/mauritania/unicef-mauritania-humanitarian-situation-report-no-2-reporting-period-1-january-31-december-2023

4. https://www.who.int/health-topics/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash

5. https://www.undp.org/water

6. https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Jan/Renewable-Energy-Market-Analysis-Africa

7. https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/water-scarcity

In this article, we’ll explore how flooding affects water quality in Mauritania, the health risks it brings, and the ways that organizations like Aqua Maya are working to improve access to clean water in the region.

The Paradox of Flooding in a Desert

Mauritania’s climate is classified as arid, with very little annual rainfall. In fact, much of the country is covered by the Sahara Desert, where water is scarce and survival depends on carefully managing what little water there is. However, during the rainy season, which typically spans from June to September, heavy rains can lead to sudden flooding, particularly in the southern and coastal regions.

The paradox of flooding in a desert environment means that, when the rains do come, they can overwhelm the natural infrastructure. Flash floods occur quickly and stagnant pools of water left behind often end up contaminating local water sources. In rural and urban areas alike, this can have a devastating effect on drinking water, making it unsafe for local communities.

Impact of Flooding on Water Quality

Flooding in Mauritania doesn’t just make roads impassable – it also poses a serious risk to water quality. Stagnant water left behind by floods often becomes a breeding ground for harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites. These contaminants can easily enter wells and other water sources, making what should be clean drinking water unsafe.

One of the biggest concerns is the spread of waterborne diseases, like cholera and dysentery, which can be deadly without proper treatment. Floodwaters can mix with sewage and other waste, which then infiltrates water supplies. The longer the water stagnates, the higher the risk of contamination. In rural areas, where access to clean water sources is already limited, this contamination can quickly lead to health crises.

Additionally, flooding can create ideal conditions for mosquitoes, particularly the ones that spread malaria. Malaria is already a persistent issue in Mauritania, and the increase in stagnant water after floods only provides more breeding grounds for mosquitoes that carry the disease, further exacerbating the health risks.

The Link Between Flooding and Health

The link between flooding and health risks is particularly concerning in Mauritania. When water sources become contaminated due to floods, it often leads to the spread of waterborne diseases. In areas where access to clean water is already scarce, people may be forced to drink from unsafe sources, putting them at higher risk of illness.

Diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever are more common after floods because the contaminated water makes its way into both drinking sources and the environment. These illnesses can quickly spread in communities with limited healthcare infrastructure, especially in rural villages where resources are minimal. Malaria is also a major concern, with stagnant water providing ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes that carry the disease.

The health impact of flooding is not just about the physical toll but also the economic one. Families often lose productive days while they recover from illness and communities spend valuable resources on treatment instead of long-term solutions. This cycle can create a vicious loop, making it harder for communities to improve their overall well-being.

Aqua Maya’s Efforts to Combat the Impact of Flooding on Water Quality

Although many challenges remain, organizations like Aqua Maya are already working on solutions to improve water quality in Mauritania. As a new NGO with water access projects still in development, Aqua Maya’s goal is to support communities affected by flooding with both short-term relief and long-term, sustainable solutions.

One of the ways Aqua Maya is addressing the issue is by developing projects aimed at improving sanitation and water storage in flood-prone areas. These initiatives include better drainage systems, which help prevent the accumulation of stagnant water and reduce the risk of contamination. In addition, Aqua Maya is working on providing access to water purification systems that can help communities filter and clean water after a flood.

While these projects are still in the early stages, the focus is on creating a more resilient water infrastructure for Mauritania. By helping communities plan for and manage their water resources better, Aqua Maya aims to ensure that people have access to clean, safe water year-round, even during the rainy season.

Case Studies/Success Stories

Though Aqua Maya’s projects are still underway, there are examples from similar initiatives in neighboring countries that show the potential for success in Mauritania. For instance, solar-powered water pumps and rainwater harvesting techniques have already proven effective in regions with similar climates. These technologies provide a way to capture and store water during the rainy season, ensuring that it remains clean and usable when needed.

In Mauritania, Aqua Maya’s potential partnerships with local communities and international organizations could help bring these solutions to life. By focusing on community involvement and sustainability, Aqua Maya aims to create lasting change that empowers people to take control of their water supply and health.

These types of projects have already made a difference in nearby countries facing similar water challenges. As Aqua Maya’s plans unfold, there is hope that these proven solutions will be adapted and scaled to meet the needs of Mauritania’s vulnerable communities.

Looking Ahead: Continued Efforts and Solutions

As Mauritania continues to face the challenges of flooding and water contamination, the need for long-term solutions has never been greater. While Aqua Maya’s projects are still in the planning and development stages, the focus remains on building sustainable, resilient water systems that can withstand the pressures of flooding and climate change.

One of the promising areas of focus for Aqua Maya is the use of innovative technologies. Solutions like solar-powered water systems and advanced water filtration methods hold the potential to revolutionize water access in Mauritania, especially in flood-prone regions. These technologies not only help provide clean water after floods but also ensure that water is available throughout the year, even during dry seasons.

Aqua Maya’s commitment to community-driven solutions is also key to its approach. Engaging local leaders and residents ensures that solutions are tailored to the specific needs of each area, making them more likely to succeed in the long term. By investing in education and training, Aqua Maya aims to empower communities to maintain their water systems and respond to future flooding events more effectively.

Looking ahead, the goals are clear: reduce the health risks caused by flooding and ensure that every person in Mauritania has access to safe, clean drinking water. While there are many hurdles to overcome, the ongoing work of organizations like Aqua Maya brings hope for a better future, where flooding no longer compromises the health and well-being of Mauritania’s people.

Why Community Involvement Matters

When it comes to solving water challenges in Mauritania, community involvement isn’t just helpful – it’s essential. Local people are the ones who understand their environment best. They know which areas flood most often, where the water sources are, and the biggest health concerns after a flood.

Involving communities in water projects means solutions are better tailored to their actual needs. It also encourages people to take ownership of their water systems, helping to maintain wells, drainage channels, and water storage facilities long after the initial project is done. This makes the work more sustainable and ensures that positive changes last beyond the involvement of any organization.

Conclusion

Flooding in a desert country like Mauritania may seem unexpected, but its impact on water quality and public health is very real. From contaminating drinking water to spreading life-threatening diseases like cholera and malaria, the risks are serious – especially for communities already struggling with limited access to clean water.

What makes the situation even more complex is how quickly these floods overwhelm local systems, leaving behind stagnant water that breeds disease and pollutes vital water sources. The connection between flooding and poor health outcomes is clear, and without reliable infrastructure and support, vulnerable communities bear the heaviest burden.

But there’s hope. Through smart, community-driven solutions, from improving drainage systems to promoting safe water storage and hygiene practices, it’s possible to break this dangerous cycle. Community involvement is key to building systems that truly work for the people who rely on them.

As projects take shape and awareness grows, Mauritania has the chance to turn a difficult problem into an opportunity for resilience and growth. Clean, safe water shouldn’t be a luxury tied to the weather – it’s a basic need, and every effort made to protect it moves these communities one step closer to a healthier, safer future.

Sources

1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera

2. https://reliefweb.int/report/mauritania/mauritania-floods-dref-operation-final-report-no-mdrmr014

3. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-environmental-health-challenges-in-mauritania

4. https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-023-04569-4

5. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/mauritania/climate-data-projections

Poor water quality remains a critical challenge in many communities, especially in rural areas, which rely on rivers, lakes, or wells that are contaminated. It can lead to serious health problems, causing diseases that affect children, adults, and to a larger extent, entire communities.

In this article, we will explore the impact of poor water quality on health in Cameroon, the common diseases caused by dirty water, the reasons behind water contamination, and possible solutions to this crisis.

The State of Water Quality in Cameroon

Cameroon is blessed with many water sources, including rivers like the Sanaga and Wouri. However, despite the availability of water, millions of people struggle to access clean and safe drinking water.

This is due to constant contamination of the water. With pollution from nearby industries and poor hygiene, the water in Cameroon has reduced in quality and become poor for drinking and other uses.

Challenges with Water and Sanitation in Cameroon

• Limited access to clean water: Many people usually have to walk long distances to find water, which still may be unsafe for drinking, because consumption of water in Cameroon is greater than the available facilities for clean water.
• Poor sanitation facilities: Many communities lack proper toilets, causing human waste to mix with water sources. Some people will also go and surface water bodies like rivers to dispose of their waste.
• Aging and damaged water infrastructure: In urban areas, damaged water systems lead to contamination as dirty water mixes with drinking water. With rusted and worn-out water pipes, it’s all the more difficult to keep clean water.
• Industrial and agricultural pollution: Factories and farms sometimes release waste into rivers without proper treatment. The waste could be harmful chemicals or heavy metals that cause different kinds of diseases.
• The effects of climate change: Climate change is making clean water harder to find in Cameroon. Droughts dry up water sources, while heavy rains cause floods that mix clean water with dirt and waste. Rising temperatures also help bacteria spread, leading to more diseases. Without action, access to safe water will keep getting worse.

The combination of these challenges makes it difficult for many Cameroonians to stay healthy.

Common Waterborne Diseases in Cameroon

Contaminated water is a breeding ground for bacteria and parasites that cause life-threatening illnesses. Some of the most prevalent waterborne diseases in Cameroon include:

1. Diarrheal Diseases

Diarrhea is the frequent stooling due to ingestion of unclean water and is one of the leading causes of death among children under five in Cameroon. The harmful bacteria in dirty water infect the intestines, leading to severe diarrhea, dehydration, and malnutrition. Without access to clean water and medical care, diarrhea can be fatal, especially for children.

2. Cholera

Cholera is a severe waterborne disease that spreads quickly in areas with poor sanitation. It causes extreme dehydration due to profuse diarrhea and can be deadly if not treated promptly. Cholera outbreaks frequently occur in Cameroon, especially in overcrowded regions with inadequate sanitation. Lack of toilets and clean water sources is a major concern for Cameroonians.

3. Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever is another dangerous illness caused by consuming contaminated water or food. It is caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria, which enters the bloodstream and causes high fever, stomach pain, weakness, and loss of appetite. Symptoms like headaches usually accompany typhoid fever. Many Cameroonians, especially in crowded urban areas contract typhoid due to the contamination of drinking water – no thanks to the lack of proper sanitation and poor hygiene practices.

4. Malaria

Although malaria is not directly caused by drinking dirty water, stagnant water creates the perfect environment for mosquitoes to breed. These mosquitoes spread malaria by biting people and infecting them with the Plasmodium parasite. Areas with poor drainage, flooded streets, and unclean surroundings are hot spots for malaria outbreaks. The disease causes high fever, chills, headaches, and severe weakness, and if left untreated, can be fatal.

5. Skin Infections and Eye Diseases

When people bathe or wash clothes in polluted water, they expose their skin and eyes to harmful bacteria and parasites. This leads to infections like:

• Scabies: a skin condition that causes itching and rashes.
• Trachoma: an eye infection that can lead to blindness if untreated.

You see, it’s dangerous to use unclean water even to bathe or wash. These infections are common in villages where people depend on rivers and streams for daily use.

Weak Government Regulation on Water Contamination in Cameroon

One of the major causes of water contamination in Cameroon is weak enforcement of water safety regulations by the government. Although laws exist to protect water sources, poor implementation allows pollution to persist. The key issues include:

1. Poor Enforcement of Water Laws

Factories are required to treat their waste before releasing it into rivers, but many ignore this rule. The agencies responsible for monitoring water quality lack the staff and resources to conduct regular inspections. As a result, harmful chemicals and untreated waste flow freely into drinking water supplies, putting communities at risk.

2. Lack of Investment in Clean Water Systems

Cameroon struggles with outdated and inadequate water infrastructure. In cities like Douala and Yaoundé, old, broken pipes allow contaminated water to mix with clean supplies. In rural areas, many lack access to proper treatment systems entirely. Without sufficient government funding, upgrading these systems remains a distant goal, leaving clean water out of reach for millions.

3. Low Public Awareness and Accountability

Many Cameroonians are unaware of their right to safe drinking water, so they don’t demand improvements. At the same time, industries and communities that pollute face little to no consequences due to lax enforcement. This lack of awareness and accountability allows water contamination to go unchecked, worsening the crisis.

What Needs to Change?

The government must ensure that water laws are followed, invest in better water infrastructure, and educate people about the importance of clean water. If these actions are taken, Cameroonians can have access to safer drinking water and better health.

The Impact of Poor Water Quality on Society

The consequences of poor water quality go beyond health problems; they also affect the economy, education, and overall well-being of Cameroonians.

• Healthcare burden: The government and families spend large amounts of money on treating waterborne diseases. Treatment of diseases is very expensive and some people, especially in rural areas, might not be able to afford it. They thereby live with an illness that might eventually lead to death.
• Educational setbacks: When children are sick due to dirty water, they miss school, affecting their education. Some children also might be used to source water in the community for their families, eventually missing school as a result.
• Economic decline: Sick people cannot work effectively, which slows down economic growth. For people working on farms, they are unable to work properly due to the lack of access to water.

For Cameroon to address its water crisis effectively, stricter enforcement of environmental laws, better investment in water infrastructure, and increased public awareness are necessary. Without these changes, millions will continue to suffer from preventable, waterborne diseases.

Ongoing Efforts to Improve Water Quality in Cameroon

Several organizations and government agencies are working to improve water access and sanitation in Cameroon.

1. Government Initiatives

The Cameroonian government, along with international organizations like UNICEF and WHO, has launched programs to:

• Build clean water facilities in rural areas.
• Improve sanitation by providing better toilets and waste management systems.
• Educate people on the importance of hygiene and clean water.

2. NGO and Community-Led Efforts

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like Aqua Maya are also helping communities by:

• Digging wells and boreholes for clean water.
• Teaching people how to purify water using simple methods, like boiling and filtration.
• Encouraging good hygiene practices to prevent diseases.
• Creating awareness of the people and effects of poor water.

Sustainable Solutions for the Future

For Cameroon to have long-term solutions to its water crisis, the following actions are necessary:

• Investing in modern water treatment plants to provide clean water for all.
• Encouraging rainwater preservation to increase water supply in dry areas.
• Protecting natural water sources by reducing pollution and deforestation.

Conclusion

Clean water is a basic human right, but millions of Cameroonians still struggle to access it. Poor water quality leads to diseases like cholera, typhoid, and malaria, which worsens public health, education, and economic growth.

While the government and several non-profit organizations (NGOs) are making efforts to improve the situation, more still needs to be done. The government needs to enforce more regulations to promote water quality in Cameroon. Organizations like Aqua Maya need to come in numbers to help in providing access to clean water. By increasing investments in clean water infrastructure, promoting sanitation, and educating people on hygiene, Cameroon can ensure a healthier future for its citizens.

Sources

1. https://www.unicef.org/cameroon/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-0

2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5409641/#B17-ijerph-14-00441

3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4745467/

4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41894976_Access_to_potable_water_and_sanitation_in_Cameroon_within_the_context_of_Millennium_Development_Goals_MDGS

Why Tap Water Safety Is a Concern in Mauritania

Mauritania is a beautiful country, but it’s got some tough challenges when it comes to water. Most of the country is desert, so finding water in the first place can feel like a treasure hunt. In cities like Nouakchott, the capital, or Nouadhibou, you’ll find tap systems, but they’re not always reliable. The pipes can be old and the water sometimes picks up dirt, bacteria, or other nasty stuff along the way. In rural areas, taps are rare – people often rely on wells, boreholes, or water hauled from far-off sources.

Here’s the thing: even if the water looks clear, it might not be safe. Parasites and bacteria like E. coli can hide in there, and they don’t exactly send you a warning sign. For locals, some folks’ bodies get used to the water over time, but for travelers or newcomers, drinking from the tap can lead to stomach issues or worse. That’s why you’ll hear a lot of advice to stick to bottled water or purified sources, especially if you’re not sure about the quality.

Urban vs. Rural: A Tale of Two Water Divides

Water access in Mauritania is like two different worlds depending on where you are. In cities, you might have a tap in your home, but that doesn’t mean it’s good to drink. The water often comes from the Senegal River or underground aquifers, but treatment plants don’t always catch everything. Plus, power outages or pipe breaks can mess things up, letting germs sneak in. It’s pretty common in Nouakchott to find people buying water from street vendors because they don’t trust the taps.

Out in the villages, it’s a whole different story. Many communities don’t have piped water at all.

Families might walk miles to a well or share a single borehole with hundreds of others. The water might be cloudy or taste funny, and there’s no guarantee it’s been treated. This is where groups like Aqua Maya, a new U.S. based NGO, are making a difference. Their mission is simple, but powerful: bring clean water to local communities. In Mauritania, they’re working on major projects to bring safe water to villagers in strategic places to help ease the burden of long treks, and most importantly, ensure good health.

What’s in the Water? The Risks You Need to Know

So what exactly makes tap water in Mauritania risky?

For starters, there’s the chance of bacteria or viruses that cause illnesses like diarrhea or typhoid. These can come from sewage leaking into water sources, especially after heavy rains. Then there’s the issue of chemicals. In some areas, groundwater has high levels of salts or minerals like fluoride, which can mess with your health over time. And don’t forget about parasites – tiny creatures, like giardia, can make you feel awful for weeks.

I read about a study that tested water in Mauritania’s capital, and it found that a lot of samples had harmful bacteria. That’s not to scare you – it’s just the reality when infrastructure isn’t keeping up with the need. For kids, the elderly, or anyone with a weaker immune system, these risks hit harder. That’s why clean water access isn’t just a convenience; it’s a lifeline.

How Locals Get Safe Water

If tap water isn’t the go-to, how do people in Mauritania stay hydrated?

In cities, bottled water is a big deal. You’ll see shops and markets stacked with plastic bottles, though they can be pricey for everyday folks. Some families boil their tap water to kill germs, but that takes time and fuel, which isn’t always easy to come by. Others use water filters, but those aren’t cheap either.

In rural areas, it’s tougher. Many people rely on wells or boreholes, but not all of them are clean or close by.

Women and girls often spend hours each day fetching water, carrying heavy jerry cans under the hot sun. Thanks to a local initiative supported by UNICEF and its partners, 600 households in Dar Naim, a neighborhood in the outskirts of Nouakchott, now have their homes connected to a drinking water network. Now, families have safe water right in their community. In fact, a resident said, “Having water at home is a huge relief. I can cook, bathe my children, and clean the house without stress. But most importantly, my children are healthier.” It’s this kind of change that feels small, but means everything.

Tips for Staying Safe with Water in Mauritania

If you’re in Mauritania or planning to go, here are some practical ways to make sure your water is safe:

• Stick to Bottled Water: It’s the easiest option, especially in cities. Just check that the seal is intact to avoid fakes.
• Boil It: If you’re out of bottled water, boiling tap water for at least a minute kills most germs. Let it cool before drinking.
• Use a Filter: Portable water filters or purifiers are great for travelers. Look for ones that handle bacteria and viruses.
• Avoid Ice: In restaurants, skip drinks with ice unless you know it’s made from purified water.
• Wash Smart: Use treated water to brush your teeth or wash fruits and veggies. Don’t forget your bath water – add some disinfectant to it.

These tips sound simple, but they can save you a lot of trouble. I learned the hard way once on a trip. Though the tap water was fine, I spent the next couple of days treating a skin reaction. Trust me, it’s worth being careful.

The Bigger Picture: Why Clean Water Matters

Water isn’t just about drinking – it’s about life. In Mauritania, unsafe water can lead to sickness, missed school days, or even hospital visits. Kids under five are especially vulnerable, and diarrhea from bad water is one of the top reasons they get sick. When communities don’t have clean water, it’s harder to grow food, keep animals healthy, or run small businesses. It’s like a ripple effect that touches everything.

That’s why organizations like Aqua Maya are so important. They’re not just digging wells; they’re giving people a chance to thrive. Clean water means healthier families, more time for work or school, and a shot at a better future. Aqua Maya’s focus on local communities means they listen to what people need and build solutions that last, like training locals to maintain wells so the water keeps flowing.

What’s Being Done to Fix Water Safety?

Mauritania’s government knows water is a big issue, and they’ve got plans to improve things. They’re working on better treatment plants and expanding pipes to more areas. But it’s a slow process – deserts don’t make it easy, and money’s tight. International groups are pitching in too, with projects to drill wells or teach people about water safety.

NGOs are a big part of the solution. Aqua Maya, for example, is teaming up with locals to bring clean water to places that’ve been overlooked. Their projects focus on sustainability, so communities aren’t left high and dry if something breaks. It’s not just about fixing today’s problems – it’s about making sure tomorrow is better too.

Looking Ahead: A Future with Safer Water

As the article comes to a close, take a moment to paint a mental picture of a Mauritania where every family has clean water, whether they’re in a busy city or a quiet village. It’s not a pipe dream, but it’ll take work. Technology like solar-powered pumps or mobile water purifiers could be game-changers. Education matters too – teaching people how to store water safely or spot contamination can go a long way.

For now, tap water in Mauritania isn’t a safe bet for drinking, but that doesn’t mean it’s hopeless. With groups like Aqua Maya and others stepping up, more communities are getting the water they need. If you’re visiting, stick to bottled or treated water and you’ll be fine. But if you’re curious about how to help, supporting NGOs or spreading the word about water access can make a real difference.

Next time you turn on a faucet, think about what it’d be like if that water wasn’t safe. It’s a small thing we take for granted, but in places like Mauritania, it’s a daily challenge. Let’s keep the conversation going – clean water is worth it.

Sources

1. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240088740

2. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015241

3. https://www.unicef.org/mauritania/recits/nouha-ethmane-et-djeinaba

The gap between water access in cities and villages keeps widening. Cities like Douala and Yaoundé have more organized water systems, but even those are far from perfect. In contrast, rural areas rely on natural sources that are often unsafe or unavailable, especially during dry seasons.

This isn’t just a health issue. It affects children’s education, women’s work hours, and the economy at large. To fix it, we need a mix of solid infrastructure, better policies, and local solutions. Let’s explore what this gap looks like, the challenges behind it, and how Cameroon can move toward fair access for all.

Cameroon Has Water, But Not Everyone Gets It

Cameroon is blessed with rivers, lakes, and groundwater. However, access to these resources varies significantly across different regions.

Major sources of water in Cameroon include:

• The Sanaga River: The country’s biggest river, which serves as a primary water supply for several cities.
• Lake Chad: A vital water source for the northern region, supporting agriculture and livelihoods. It helps feed the north, basically.
• Groundwater: Extracted through wells and boreholes, particularly in rural areas lacking surface water access. Many communities dig wells or boreholes to tap underground water.

Despite these abundant water sources, according to UNICEF, nearly 30% of the population doesn’t have access to safe drinking water. Most of these people live in rural areas, but the problem isn’t just about having water – it’s about reaching, treating, and keeping it flowing reliably.

Urban vs. Rural: A Clear Divide

Water in Cities: Better, But Not Great

Urban areas like Douala and Yaoundé rely on CAMWATER for public supply. But even here, problems persist:

• Shortages: Rapid population growth means demand outweighs supply. Some areas go days without running water.
• Old Pipes: Many pipelines are damaged, leaking water or allowing contamination.
• Informal Settlements: People living in slums or unregistered areas often don’t have direct water access. They buy from vendors or share with neighbors – often at higher costs.

Water in Rural Areas: The Daily Hustle

In rural areas, water often comes from rivers, streams, or hand-dug wells. Families walk for hours to fetch water – sometimes more than once a day. The key challenges include:

• Seasonal Dryness: Water sources dry up during dry seasons, leading to water scarcity.
• Unsafe Water: With a lack of proper sanitation and no treatment facilities, water is exposed to germs, waste, and chemicals. Some people go as far as disposing human waste at different water bodies. This challenge translates to exposure to waterborne diseases.
• Long Walks: Families, particularly women and children, must walk long distances to fetch water, consuming valuable time and energy. This makes it very stressful to continue with other daily activities: school, work, or even rest.

Studies show that rural women and children in Cameroon spend an average of 3 to 4 hours daily just fetching water. However, there are counter studies that say that information is incorrect. They claim that the average time is between 30 minutes to an hour and that it is also dependent on other factors, like how many times trips are taken and the family size. Whatever the case may be, a lot of time is lost because people have to walk distances to go collect water.

Why the Gap Exists

Several issues feed the gap between urban and rural water access:

1. Poor Infrastructure

Rural areas have little to no investment in water systems. Boreholes and wells, mostly set up by NGOs or government projects, often break down with no one to fix them. In cities, even when systems exist, they can’t keep up with growing demand.

2. Population Growth and Urban Pressure

More people are moving to cities in search of jobs and better living, putting pressure on water systems that were not built for such large numbers. As a result, informal settlements spring up, often without water pipelines.

3. Climate Change

Unpredictable rain, long droughts, and deforestation affect natural water sources. Rivers dry up, groundwater levels drop, and communities suffer as water becomes harder to find.

4. Money Matters

In many villages, people can’t afford to drill boreholes or buy purification systems. Even in cities, piped water is expensive for low-income families, especially if they need to buy from private vendors.

Solutions: How to Bridge the Gap

Fixing this water gap won’t happen overnight, but there are practical steps that can make a big difference.

1. Build and Repair Infrastructure

• Set up more boreholes, wells, and rainwater storage systems in villages.
• Fix old pipes in cities to reduce waste and contamination.
• Install small water treatment plants in key rural areas to make local water safe to drink.

2. Improve Water Management

• Create strong national and local policies to stop water waste and protect water sources.
• Involve local communities in water decisions and train them to manage local water points.
• Replant trees and protect forests to keep rivers and underground water levels stable.

3. Promote Safe Water and Sanitation

• Teach families simple water purification methods – like boiling or using filters.
• Build public toilets and sewage systems to stop waste from getting into water.
• Regularly test water sources to catch and fix problems early.

4. Get Everyone Involved: Government, NGOs, and Private Sector

• The government should invest more in rural water systems and enforce water safety laws.
• NGOs can support with funding, training, and community outreach.
• Private businesses can help by providing affordable water solutions, like low-cost filters or mobile water delivery.

5. Use Technology to Make Smarter Choices

• Use satellite data to track water levels and drought patterns.
• Install smart water meters to monitor usage and reduce waste.
• Create mobile payment options so families can pay for water in small, manageable amounts.

The Power of Digital Tools

Beyond water pipes and boreholes, digital tools can also help bridge urban-rural gaps in other ways:

1. Wider Internet Access

With better internet, rural communities can access learning, business, and health services. Affordable mobile data can help people find information on hygiene, farming, and water safety.

2. Online Learning

Digital classrooms can help rural children learn even when teachers or schools are far away. E-learning platforms can also train communities on safe water practices.

3. Health Services via Phone

Telemedicine apps and mobile health services can bring health advice to rural homes. With better health education, families can avoid water-related illnesses.

4. Easy Access to Government Services

E-governance tools can help rural dwellers report broken boreholes, apply for water aid, or access agricultural tips. Mobile banking can also help people save and pay for clean water easily.

Community-Led Initiatives and Success Stories

In Cameroon, several community-driven projects have successfully improved access to clean water, showing the power of local leadership and collaboration. For example, in the Northwest region, the Japan Water Forum supported a community project to improve spring water sources and set up water committees to manage and maintain them. These efforts not only enhanced water quality but also encouraged local ownership and long-term sustainability.

In the Far North, UNICEF has partnered with communities to build solar-powered water systems. These systems now serve schools and health centers, reducing the burden on families and improving sanitation in the area.

Such examples highlight how local participation, when combined with targeted support, can bring about lasting change in underserved areas.

Case Study: Water Access in Cameroon’s Far North Region

The Far North region of Cameroon faces some of the most severe water challenges in the country. Prolonged dry seasons, high temperatures, and climate shocks like floods and droughts have led to water scarcity. Many communities rely on seasonal rivers and open wells that often dry up or become contaminated.

In response, the Cameroonian government, along with NGOs like Plan International, has implemented solar-powered boreholes and trained local technicians to maintain them. Aqua Maya is a new NGO rising to the occasion, leaving no stone unturned to help ease the burden. These systems are helping to reduce the distance to water points and improve health outcomes in affected villages.

This case highlights how region-specific strategies, when backed by proper funding and community training, can make a real difference.

How Water Scarcity Affects Lives

Health Risks

People get sick from using unclean or unsafe water. Cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea are common. These diseases hit children and the elderly hardest and put pressure on health clinics.

Education Disruption

Children, especially girls, miss school to fetch water. Schools without running water or toilets also discourage attendance, especially for older girls.

Economic Impact

When women spend hours fetching water, there’s little time left for farming, trading, or learning new skills. Water shortages also slow down businesses, especially in agriculture and food processing.

Conclusion

Fixing water access in Cameroon is not only about digging more wells – it’s about fairness. Every child, whether in the city or village, deserves clean water. Every farmer, every mother, every student should be able to fetch water without walking for hours or risking their health.

The road to water equity will take time, teamwork, and long-term commitment. But it’s possible. With stronger infrastructure, better policies, new technologies, and local support, Cameroon can close the water gap and open doors to better health, learning, and growth for everyone.

Sources

1. https://www.unicef.org/cameroon/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-0

2. https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/cjrs/2024-v47-n1-cjrs09327/1111343ar.pdf

3. https://www.unicef.org/media/134651/file/Cameroon-Humanitarian-SitRep-No.4-1-Jan-31-Dec-2022.pdf

4. https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article/19/6/1030/85126/Examination-of-the-Cameroon-DHS-data-to

5. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959378023000754

Water is essential for daily life – used in homes, farms, schools, and industries. But without clean water, people are more likely to fall sick, miss work or school, and face even more challenges. For some areas in Cameroon, water has become hard to find, and climate change is making it worse.

Cameroon is home to over 28 million people, yet around 6 million still don’t have access to clean water. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a significant portion of diseases in Cameroon are linked to unsafe or limited access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). While rural areas are the most affected, even cities like Douala and Yaoundé face regular water shortages.

In this article, we’ll look at the main causes of water scarcity in Cameroon, how it affects people, and what can be done to fix it.

Urban Slums: Hidden Water Crisis in Cities

Urban areas like Douala and Yaoundé might seem better off, but many residents live in informal settlements or slums where access to clean water is still a major problem. Poor drainage, overcrowding, and limited water points lead to long queues, high prices, and water-borne disease outbreaks. These communities often fall through the cracks of public infrastructure planning.

What’s Causing the Water Scarcity in Cameroon?

Water scarcity doesn’t happen overnight. It builds up over time due to a mix of natural and man-made issues. Some of the key reasons communities in Cameroon still struggle to access clean water include:

1. Pollution and Poor Hygiene

Many water sources are polluted. Rivers and lakes are used for bathing, washing clothes, and sometimes even for dumping waste. Industrial and agricultural activities also release chemicals into the water, making it unsafe without proper treatment.

2. Climate Change and Environmental Degradation

Rainfall patterns in Cameroon have become less predictable. Long dry seasons and droughts are now more common, especially in the northern regions. Deforestation also plays a part – without trees, the land can’t hold water well, leading to erosion and dried-up water sources.

3. Poor Infrastructure and Low Investment

Many areas still rely on outdated or broken water systems. Pipelines, boreholes, and storage tanks are either not available or in bad shape. In some rural areas, people have to rely on open wells or untreated rivers.

The government has not invested enough in new water infrastructure. This lack of funding affects both rural communities and growing cities.

4. Rapid Population Growth and Urbanization

As more people move into cities, the demand for water keeps rising, but the water supply doesn’t always keep up. This puts a strain on existing systems. In rural areas, larger populations also mean more water is needed for farming and daily use, but access is still limited.

5. Weak Policies and Poor Management

Some government policies meant to improve water access aren’t fully carried out. Corruption, lack of planning, and poor management also slow down progress. Although NGOs and international organizations are doing what they can, lasting change needs stronger government leadership and accountability.

How Water Scarcity Impacts Communities in Cameroon

Health Problems

Drinking or using dirty water can lead to serious illnesses. Waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery are still common in many parts of the country. Children under five are the most vulnerable, with diarrheal diseases being one of the leading causes of death, according to UNICEF.

Education and Gender Inequality

In many homes, women and girls are responsible for fetching water. This can take hours out of their day, and for girls, that often means missing school. During menstruation, some girls even skip school because they don’t have access to clean water for hygiene.

Economic Challenges

Farmers need water for their crops and livestock. Without it, food production drops and prices rise. Industries also suffer. Water is needed in factories, and when there’s not enough, work slows down and jobs are lost. It hurts both small businesses and the country’s economy at large.

Water Scarcity in Conflict-Affected Regions

Some parts of Cameroon, particularly the Northwest and Southwest regions, have faced ongoing conflict in recent years. In these areas, access to basic services, including water, has been severely disrupted. Families are displaced and water infrastructure has been destroyed or abandoned. Humanitarian organizations step in, but the need often outweighs the support. According to a report by the UN OCHA, many internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Cameroon rely on emergency water trucking or unsafe sources, increasing the risk of disease.

The Link Between Water Scarcity and Food Security

When farmers don’t have enough water for irrigation, crop yields suffer, and so does the local food supply. In Cameroon, where agriculture supports millions of livelihoods, water scarcity leads to food shortages, hunger, and rising food prices. This directly affects household income, nutrition, and national food security.

Investing in sustainable irrigation and water-efficient farming practices can improve food availability and reduce the pressure on rural communities.

What Can Be Done to Solve Water Scarcity in Cameroon?

While the problem is serious, there are real solutions that can make a difference:

1. Stronger Government Support and Policy Reforms

The government needs to invest in water supply systems – building new ones and fixing old ones. More funding, better planning, and proper enforcement of clean water policies can make a big impact.

2. Improved Infrastructure and Technology

Some helpful solutions include:

• Boreholes and Wells: Especially for rural areas.
• Rainwater Harvesting: Useful during dry seasons.
• Solar-Powered Water Purifiers: Safe and sustainable for communities with no electricity.

These technologies can help people get clean water more reliably.

3. Support from NGOs and Community Groups

Organizations like Aqua Maya are already helping by installing clean water systems in remote communities. Others, like WaterAid and UNICEF, are building wells and promoting good sanitation. These efforts are changing lives, but they need more support to reach even more people.

4. Community Action

Change also starts at the community level. When people come together to protect water sources and maintain clean habits, it makes a real difference. Local leaders can help by spreading awareness and organizing small projects like water storage or clean-up days.

5. Youth Involvement and Innovation in Water Solutions

Young Cameroonians are already coming up with smart, low-cost solutions to water challenges – from designing simple filtration devices to launching awareness campaigns on water hygiene. However, many of these ideas never scale due to lack of support or visibility.

Encouraging youth-led innovation through grants, mentorship, or inclusion in policy conversations can unlock fresh energy and creative solutions to the water crisis.

The Role of Environmental Conservation and Water Resource Management

In the Ebo Forest area, the organization SUHUCAM has been working to restore degraded forests to protect and rejuvenate water sources. By planting native tree species like raffia palm and acacia, they have successfully increased water availability for over 3,000 community members. This initiative demonstrates the critical link between environmental conservation and water resource management. ​

The Role of Traditional Water Practices and Local Knowledge

In some rural areas, traditional methods of collecting and preserving water are still in use. While these practices show ingenuity and adaptability, they often lack the safety and consistency needed for public health. For example, some communities rely on seasonal streams or hand-dug wells without purification.

Blending local knowledge with modern water solutions could be a sustainable way forward. Training communities on how to improve their existing systems can increase trust and long-term impact.

The Role of Women in Solving Water Challenges

While women and girls are often disproportionately affected by water scarcity, they are also key agents of change. In several rural communities, women-led water committees have been formed to oversee the maintenance of wells, promote hygiene, and advocate for sustainable practices. For example, in the Far North region, WaterAid supported a project where women were trained to manage and repair handpumps. This empowerment approach improves sustainability and ensures local ownership of water projects.

Conclusion

Water scarcity in Cameroon is a serious issue that affects millions of people every day. The lack of clean water not only harms health – it also holds back education, agriculture, and the economy.

But this problem can be solved. By addressing the root causes – like poor infrastructure, pollution, and weak policies – and working together through government support, technology, and community action, clean water can become a reality for everyone in Cameroon.

In response to this water crisis, organizations like Aqua Maya have stepped in to provide clean water solutions, especially in remote and underserved areas. Their efforts, along with those of the government and other nonprofits, are essential in making clean water accessible to all.

Access to clean water isn’t a luxury – it’s a basic human right. And every Cameroonian deserves it.

Sources

1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water

2. https://www.sdiarticle4.com/prh/doc/Revised-ms_CJAST_63916_v2.pdf

3. https://www.unicef.org/media/135166/file/Cameroon20Humanitarian20Situation20Report20No.20420for20120JanE280933120Dec202022.pdf

4. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON374

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